Groundwater table mounding, pore pressure, and liquefaction induced by explosions: Energy‐distance relations

Charlie, Wayne A.; Doehring, Donald O.

doi:10.1029/2006rg000205

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Florin and Ivanov [1961] showed experimentally that sands may transform into a liquid state by subjecting the soil column to different sources of pressure waves. In a series of papers, Charlie et al [1985, 1995, 1996] and Charlie and Doehring [2007] discussed liquefaction in granular deposits owing to explosions of buried charges. They show that explosive‐induced ground motions can alter well water levels and induce liquefaction in water‐saturated cohesionless geological profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced liquefaction experiment in relatively dense, clay‐rich sand deposits

Hatzor¹,

Gvirtzman²,

Wainshtein³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In this paper we report results from a controlled blast-induced liquefaction experiment at the field scale. The physical and mechanical properties of the materials at the subsurface are characterized by a suite of in situ and laboratory tests, including the Standard Penetration Test (SPT); downhole and cross-hole seismic velocity tests; density, porosity, and gradation tests; and direct shear tests. Since the blast experiment was performed above groundwater table, the subsurface was saturated by a sequence of controlled infiltration tests. A 50-kg TNT charge was detonated at a depth of 10 m, and seismic ground motions were recorded in a vertical geophone array positioned at a horizontal distance of 30 m from the blast borehole. Obtained liquefaction features include a water fountain that erupted from the blast borehole, prolonged bubbling of the water surface inside the infiltration trench (a process equivalent to ''sand boils'' typically observed at sites which have experienced liquefaction), lateral spreading, and surface settlement. We argue that in contrast to conventional predictions, liquefaction may be induced in relatively dense silty and clayey sands (shear wave velocity >300 m s À1 ; relative density = 63-89%) relatively rich in clays (fines content >30%) and that the driving mechanism should not necessarily be restricted to cyclic shear stress loading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced liquefaction experiment in relatively dense, clay‐rich sand deposits

Hatzor¹,

Gvirtzman²,

Wainshtein³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Blast-induced dynamic porewater pressure and liquefaction have become a great concern due to the increasing frequency of disasters resulting from terrorist attacks and accidents. Several blast-induced liquefaction tests have been performed in saturated sandy soils (Gohl et al, 2001;Ashford & Rollins, 2002;Ashford & Juirnarongrit, 2004;Al-Qasimi et al, 2005;Takahiro & Hiroshi, 2009;Charlie et al, 2013), and various empirical models for predicting the blast-induced excess porewater pressure ratio (PPR) have been established on the basis of experimental data (Charlie & Doehring, 2007;Eller, 2011). However, nearly all preceding works have focused on fully contained detonations, and studies on porewater pressure induced by a shallow-buried explosion are limited in the open technical literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental investigation of dynamic porewater pressure response induced by single shallow-buried detonations in saturated sand

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

2015

Géotechnique Letters

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Studies on the dynamic porewater pressure response induced by single shallow-buried detonations in saturated sand are limited. A series of single shallow-buried detonation tests was conducted in a large pit filled with saturated sand. The objective of the tests was to study the influence of charge weight and burial depth on porewater pressure generation. Comparisons of excess porewater pressures obtained from the tests and previous liquefaction studies on fully contained explosions are presented. For a given cube-root scaled distance, the excess porewater pressure ratio (PPR) induced by a shallowburied detonation is much lower than that of a fully contained explosion. The burial depth of the explosive, which is not considered in previous empirical formulas, is a significant parameter in addition to the scaled distance. A modified empirical model as a function of the scaled burial depth and other conventional factors is proposed and shown to provide valuable information for predicting the PPR induced by single shallow-buried explosions in saturated sand.ICE Publishing: all rights reserved NOTATION C u uniformity coefficient D 10 effective grain size (mm) D 50 average grain size (mm) D 60 control grain size (mm) D R relative density (%) d burial depth of explosive charge (m) G s soil particle density q t cone tip resistance (kPa) R distance from explosive source (m) W equivalent weight of TNT (kg) Δu porewater pressure increment (kPa) γ sat total unit weight of saturated sand (kN/m 3 ) σ′ v0 initial vertical effective stress (kPa)

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“…Experimental evidence shows that saturated sands are susceptible to liquefaction when subjected to a combination of pore pressure increase and alternating shear forces from stress waves emanating from surface blast sources [2][3][4][5][6]. Liquefaction occurs when pore water pressure rises to a level such that there is a complete loss of inter-granular contact and, therefore, of effective stress within the soil skeleton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Local Liquefaction of Saturated Sands in Half-Space Domains under a Train of Surface Point Explosions

Béjar

2010

Shock and Vibration

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The probability of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits subjected to a train of shear stress pulses propagating from a point blast source applied at the boundary surface of the elastic medium is investigated. The load effect is evaluated in approximate closed form using three-dimensional tensorial mathematical physics in polar cylindrical coordinates. The adopted criterion of liquefaction has been experimentally verified both in the laboratory and in the field when continua of saturated sands were subjected to equivalent cyclic shear stress due to earthquake excitation. A first-order second-moment technique for the probabilistic assessment of the liquefaction potential in practical situations is developed and implemented in a computer program. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the sensitivity of results to the second-moment characterization of intervening key physical quantities.

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Groundwater table mounding, pore pressure, and liquefaction induced by explosions: Energy‐distance relations

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Induced liquefaction experiment in relatively dense, clay‐rich sand deposits

Induced liquefaction experiment in relatively dense, clay‐rich sand deposits

Experimental investigation of dynamic porewater pressure response induced by single shallow-buried detonations in saturated sand

Probability of Local Liquefaction of Saturated Sands in Half-Space Domains under a Train of Surface Point Explosions

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