Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions on Tree Islands in the Everglades, South Florida

Sullivan, Pamela L.

doi:10.25148/etd.fi11120203

Cited by 3 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Such increase in Cl -concentrations, despite seasonality, demonstrates that the long-term adaptation of developing tree islands is fundamentally related to the hydraulic properties of their minerals substrates. For example, increasing specific yield with increasing depth of the water table in the soils of the peat-based tree islands was documented by Sullivan et al (2011), and was attributed to the sand layer underlying such islands. Therefore, the observed long-term increase of Cl -concentrations in the limestone-center groundwater ( Figure 9B), may be indicative of a higher ability the limestone-core tree islands to sustain a water-table depression ( Figures 8B & 8D) and concentrate solutes during low surface-water stages, compared to the peat-based tree islands containing elevated sand proportions in their shallow soils.…”

Section: Influence Of Lithology On Groundwater Flow and Solute Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the greater the organic matter content, the higher the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils (Reddy & DeLaune, 2008). Moreover, Sullivan et al (2011) reported the presence of clayey sediments within the soils of macrocosm M3 at LILA. Also, in the northern Everglades, Sawyer & Wieland (1988) documented the distribution of kaolinite, chlorite, and mixedlayer smectite along the flanks and at the southern boundary of the Loxahatchee basin, where smectite is the dominant clay mineral.…”

Section: Water-rock Interactions and Calcite Solubility Cation Exchanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the elevated sand content within the shallow soil of the peat-based tree islands Figure 13A) and the clayey sediments underlying the island reported by Sullivan et al (2011), may have reduced the soil pore spaces and specific yield (Boelter, 1968;1969), thereby assisting seasonal evapotranspiration processes in continuously depressing the water table and concentrating solutes.…”

Section: Influence Of Lithology On Groundwater Flow and Solute Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are maintained according to an established hydrograph with the highest levels typically occurring from September to January, flooding the tree islands, and the lowest levels occurring from April to June (Sullivan et al, 2011(Sullivan et al, , 2014a(Sullivan et al, , 2016. The water within LILA is managed by a large electric pump (1.84 m 3 /s), a series of water control structures, and recording stage gauges, allowing researchers to manage water levels and flow rates within each macrocosm (Aich et al, 2011).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peat-based island M1W has one additional center well with a depth of 0.6 m referred to as peat-shallow well. (Sullivan, 2011). Groundwater sampling in the shallow, center, and deep wells in the tree island M1W (Figure 4) allowed to analyze hydrogeochemical processes within the peat soil profile.…”

Section: Field Sampling and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Rock Interactions and Seasonal Hydrologic Processes in Constructed Everglades Tree Islands

Estrada¹,

Andrés²

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Section: Influence Of Lithology On Groundwater Flow and Solute Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water-rock Interactions and Calcite Solubility Cation Exchanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Lithology On Groundwater Flow and Solute Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Sampling and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Rock Interactions and Seasonal Hydrologic Processes in Constructed Everglades Tree Islands

Estrada¹,

Andrés²

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The role of recharge and evapotranspiration as hydraulic drivers of ion concentrations in shallow groundwater on Everglades tree islands, Florida (USA)

et al. 2012

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Recently, evapotranspiration has been hypothesized to promote the secondary formation of calcium carbonate year‐round on tree islands in the Everglades by influencing groundwater ions concentrations. However, the role of recharge and evapotranspiration as drivers of shallow groundwater ion accumulation has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to develop a hydrologic model that predicts the chloride concentrations of shallow tree island groundwater and to determine the influence of overlying biomass and underlying geologic material on these concentrations. Groundwater and surface water levels and chloride concentrations were monitored on eight constructed tree islands at the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA) from 2007 to 2010. The tree islands at LILA were constructed predominately of peat, or of peat and limestone, and were planted with saplings of native tree species in 2006 and 2007. The model predicted low shallow groundwater chloride concentrations when inputs of regional groundwater and evapotranspiration‐to‐recharge rates were elevated, while low evapotranspiration‐to‐recharge rates resulted in a substantial increase of the chloride concentrations of the shallow groundwater. Modeling results indicated that evapotranspiration typically exceeded recharge on the older tree islands and those with a limestone lithology, which resulted in greater inputs of regional groundwater. A sensitivity analysis indicated the shallow groundwater chloride concentrations were most sensitive to alterations in specific yield during the wet season and hydraulic conductivity in the dry season. In conclusion, the inputs of rainfall, underlying hydrologic properties of tree islands sediments and forest structure may explain the variation in ion concentration seen across Everglades tree islands. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Effect of Disturbance and Freshwater Availability on Lower Florida Keys’ Coastal Forest Dynamics

Ogurcak¹

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th century has been attributed to a combination of sea level rise and hurricane storm surge impacts, but the interactions between these two disturbances leading to forest decline are not well understood. The goal of my research was to assess their effects over a period spanning more than two decades, and to examine the relationships between these press and pulse disturbances and freshwater availability in pine rockland, hardwood hammock, and supratidal scrub communities. Impacts and recovery from two storm surges, Hurricanes Georges (1998) and Wilma (2005), were assessed with satellite-derived vegetation indices and multiple change detection techniques. Impacts were greater at lower elevations, and in hardwood hammock, spectral signatures indicative of plant stress and productivity returned to predisturbance levels within a few years. In pine rockland, impacts were predominately related to Hurricane Wilma, however, a similar return to pre-disturbance conditions was absent, suggesting that trajectories of disturbance recovery differed between the two communities. Long-term monitoring of forest composition, structure, and groundwater salinity showed that compositional shifts in the low shrub stratum were associated with ix salinization of the freshwater resource attributable to sea level rise. Throughout the course of twelve months of climate and groundwater monitoring (2011)(2012), groundwater salinity generally decreased in response to large precipitation events.Modeling of geophysical data indicated that groundwater salinity was an important predictor of community type. Isotopic analysis of δ 18 O in plant stem water and foliar δ 13 C was used to determine temporal and spatial patterns in water use and plant stress in two community dominants, slash pine, Pinus elliottii var. densa, and buttonwood, Conocarpus erectus. Both species relied heavily on groundwater, and plant stress was related to increasing groundwater salinity. The results of this work suggest that the interaction of press and pulse disturbances drive changes in community composition by causing mortality of salt-sensitive species and altering the freshwater resource.x forests that require freshwater inhabit a unique position on low-elevation limestone islands as glycophyte-dominated forests located in close proximity to saline water.Coastal forests in the greater Caribbean basin are also subject to periodic disturbance from hurricanes and tropical storms, but which typically are not stand-replacing events (Brokaw and Walker, 1991;Yih et al., 1991;Bellingham et al., 1992). Collectively, these forests are high in species diversity , 2006). These conditions would favor a combination of disturbance, 2 drought, and salinity tolerant species, as groundwater salinity increases (Guha and Panday, 2012) and coastal forests are exposed more frequently to major storms, with shrinking recovery periods between such events (Lugo, 2000). Additionally, the interaction of press and pulse events will increase the likelihood of surface inundation by salt w...

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Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions on Tree Islands in the Everglades, South Florida

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Water-Rock Interactions and Seasonal Hydrologic Processes in Constructed Everglades Tree Islands

Water-Rock Interactions and Seasonal Hydrologic Processes in Constructed Everglades Tree Islands

The role of recharge and evapotranspiration as hydraulic drivers of ion concentrations in shallow groundwater on Everglades tree islands, Florida (USA)

The Effect of Disturbance and Freshwater Availability on Lower Florida Keys’ Coastal Forest Dynamics

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