Groundwater–surface water interactions in Canada

Larocque, Marie; Broda, Stefan

doi:10.1080/07011784.2016.1176537

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Groundwater contributions to streams vary depending on development, storage capacity, residence times, and flow paths (see, among many examples, Larocque & Broda, ; Brunner, Therrien, Renard, Simmons, & Franssen, ), and these are functions of bedrock geology (O'Sullivan, Devito, & Curry, ), surficial geology (Vidon & Smith, ), topography (Johnson, Snyder, & Hitt, ), vegetation (Groeneveld & Griepentrog, ), and climate (Kurylyk, MacQuarrie, Caissie, & McKenzie, ). Groundwater interactions with surface water occur at various scales through space and time (Callahan et al, ; Winter, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice cover exists: A quick method to delineate groundwater inputs in running waters for cold and temperate regions

O’Sullivan

Linnansaari

Curry

2019

Hydrological Processes

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Groundwater can be important in regulating stream thermal regimes in cold, temperate regions, and as such, it can be a significant factor for aquatic biota habits and habitats. Groundwater typically remains at a constant temperature through time; that is, it is warmer than surface water in winter and cooler in summer. Further, small tributaries are often dominated by groundwater during low flows of winter and summer.We exploit these thermal patterns to identify and delineate tributary/groundwater inputs along a frozen river (ice-on) using publically available satellite data, and we tested the findings against airborne, thermal infrared (TIR) data. We utilize a supervised maximum likelihood classification (sMLC) to identify possible groundwater inputs while the river is in a frozen state (kappa coefficient of 96.77 when compared with visually delineated possible groundwater inputs). We then compare sMLCidentified possible groundwater inputs with TIR-classified groundwater inputs, which confirmed that there was no statistical difference (χ 2 = .78), that is, confirming that groundwater inputs can be delineated in north temperate river systems using available satellite imagery of the system's frozen state. Our results also established the spatial extent and influence of possible groundwater inputs in two seasons. The thermal plumes were longer and narrower in winter; this is likely related to seasonal differences in dispersion regimes. We hypothesize that differences between summer and winter is related to either (a) tributaries that are modulated by shading in summer or (b) aquifer disconnection from the river in winter owing to frozen ground conditions and lack of aquifer recharge. This method of establishing tributary/groundwater inputs and contributions to surface water thermal regimes is relatively simple and can be useful for science and management as long as "ice cover exists"; that is, the system can achieve a frozen state. K E Y W O R D Sgroundwater, ice, maximum likelihood classification, satellite imagery, summer/winter, thermal dispersion, thermal infrared, thermal refugia

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice cover exists: A quick method to delineate groundwater inputs in running waters for cold and temperate regions

O’Sullivan

Linnansaari

Curry

2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…In the North Pole Stream steep and confined, low conductance, shallow bedrock valleys do not produce groundwater inflows and river temperatures can be warm from heat gains by solar radiation (Caissie, 2006a, Figures 7 and 8), shallow groundwater heating (Briggs et al, 2017), and fluid friction (O'Sullivan, Linnansaari, & Curry, 2019). We suggest that LiDAR has limited ability to improve river temperature model performance in areas defined by opposing groundwater and topography interactions (Gleeson et al, 2011), unless the models also include parameters that address subsurface processes (Larocque & Broda, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Topographic Resolution and Geologic Setting on Spatial Statistical River Temperature Models

O’Sullivan

Devito

Ogilvie

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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River temperature exerts a critical control on habitat for aquatic biota. As the climate warms in eastern Canada, threats to habitats of cold-water species will increase, underpinning the necessity to develop an understanding of landscape-scale, thermal regimes of flowing waters. We assessed the performance of spatial statistical network (SSN) models of river temperature using high-resolution thermal infrared imagery (0.6 m) and LiDAR (1 m) compared to NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM-30 m) topographic data and interrogate LiDAR derived fine-scale models (3 ha) to describe groundwater connectivity to surface waters in catchments with shallow overburden and varied bedrock geology. LiDAR improved model performance in a catchment underlain by a homogeneous, high hydraulic conductance bedrock (Cains River) but did not improve model performance in a catchment with heterogeneous bedrock and variable hydraulic conductance (North Pole Stream). We hypothesize that differences in bedrock conductance modified topographic controls on subsurface flows and discharge patterns to the rivers and thus produced the mixed performance of the SSN models. At finer scales, river reaches in steep valleys incising high conductance bedrock produced groundwater discharge, which was absent in incised valleys with low conductance bedrock. These findings indicate that while topography exerts an important control on landscape-scale hydrological processes, geologic setting is a similarly important influence on hydrological processes. We suggest the inclusion of a third dimension of spatial autocorrelation, representative of the vertical plane that captures the geologic setting, would broaden the geographic applicability of spatial statistical models for river temperature studies.

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“…Groundwater pollution can occur as a result of human activities such as hydraulic oil mining, agriculture, and mineral exploration, as well as natural processes such as vulcanicity [1]. Additionally, surface water conditions have a significant impact on groundwater quality and vice versa [2]. Therefore, it is essential to note that another source of groundwater contamination is surface water bodies that recharge the groundwater system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic contaminants in the groundwater of the Kerio Valley water basin, Baringo County, Kenya

Langat,

Kibet,

Okanga

et al. 2023

Eur J Chem

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Currently, groundwater is largely becoming the main source of fresh water in most developing countries. However, various deleterious impacts resulting from anthropogenic activities beneath the earth’s surface have significantly affected groundwater quality, as evidenced in several areas endowed with mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, agricultural activities, and industrial processes. The possible etiological impacts may include cancer and genetic aberrations which result from the toxic effects of organic waterborne contaminants ingested by humans and animals over time. The motivation behind this study was to identify and determine the concentration profiles of various organic pollutants in the wells located along the Kerio Valley water basin near the exploratory wells for hydrocarbons and mining activities. Therefore, this study is necessary in unraveling the level of organic contaminants in the sampled borehole water, which can then be extrapolated to cover other boreholes within the Kerio Valley basin. The study was carried out during the dry season of December 2022. The water samples from the boreholes were extracted using a solid phase extraction procedure and characterized using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass selective detector. The findings indicate that benzene derivatives which were mainly xylenes, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1-methyl-2-propylpentylbenzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, azulene, and pyrene were found in most of the boreholes sampled. Furthermore, long-chain hydrocarbons were present in all groundwater samples with varying concentrations. The concentration of benzene derivatives ranged from 2.84 to 20.47 ppm. However, polycyclic hydrocarbons exhibited the highest concentrations of all organic pollutants, with pyrene giving a concentration of 23.14 ppm, fluoranthene (18.54 ppm), phenanthrene (14.13 ppm) and anthracene (11.06 ppm). According to the findings reported in this study, most of the borehole water in the Kerio Valley basin is contaminated and may be unsafe for drinking. Most of the reported concentration levels were several times higher than the standards of the U.S. Environmental and Protection Agency. However, it is necessary to develop a policy framework on the assessment and monitoring of water quality in the region and propose urgent measures to ensure a clean water supply for the benefit of residents.

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Groundwater–surface water interactions in Canada

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Ice cover exists: A quick method to delineate groundwater inputs in running waters for cold and temperate regions

Ice cover exists: A quick method to delineate groundwater inputs in running waters for cold and temperate regions

Effects of Topographic Resolution and Geologic Setting on Spatial Statistical River Temperature Models

Organic contaminants in the groundwater of the Kerio Valley water basin, Baringo County, Kenya

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