Groundwater Remediation Using an Enricher Reactor—Permeable Reactive Biobarrier for Periodically Absent Contaminants

Kasi, Murthy; McEvoy, John; Padmanabhan, G.; Khan, Eakalak

doi:10.2175/106143011x12928814444457

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Biofilms have been found to decrease porosity ( φ ) by ~50%–90% and permeability ( κ ) by ~95%–99% [ Cunningham et al ., ]. The ability to monitor microbial growth and manage artificial and natural bioclogging is essential in many applications related to soil engineering [ DeJong et al ., ], groundwater remediation [ Kasi et al ., ], CO 2 sequestration [ Mitchell et al ., ], and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) [ Lazar et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media

et al. 2014

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Nondestructive acoustics methods can be used to monitor in situ biofilm growth in porous media. In practice, however, acoustic methods remain underutilized due to the lack of models that can translate acoustic data into rock properties in the context of biofilm. In this paper we present mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media. The models are used to quantitatively interpret arrival times and amplitudes recorded in the 29 day long Davis et al. (2010) physical scale biostimulation experiment in terms of biofilm morphologies and saturation. The model pivots on addressing the sediment elastic behavior using the lower Hashin-Shtrikman bounds for grain mixing and Gassmann substitution for fluid saturation. The time-lapse P wave velocity (V P ; a function of arrival times) is explained by a combination of two rock models (morphologies); "load bearing" which assumes the biofilm as an additional mineral in the rock matrix and "pore filling" which assumes the biofilm as an additional fluid phase in the pores. The time-lapse attenuation (Q P À1; a function of amplitudes), on the other hand, can be explained adequately in two ways; first, through squirt flow where energy is lost from relative motion between rock matrix and pore fluid, and second, through an empirical function of porosity (ϕ), permeability (κ), and grain size. The squirt flow model-fitting results in higher internal ϕ (7% versus 5%) and more oblate pores (0.33 versus 0.67 aspect ratio) for the load-bearing morphology versus the pore-filling morphology. The empirical model-fitting results in up to 10% increase in κ at the initial stages of the load-bearing morphology. The two morphologies which exhibit distinct mechanical and hydraulic behavior could be a function of pore throat size. The biofilm mechanistic models developed in this study can be used for the interpretation of seismic data critical for the evaluation of biobarriers in bioremediation, microbial enhanced oil recovery, and CO 2 sequestration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media

et al. 2014

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“…The work described in Chapter 3 has been published in the proceedings for Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC) 2010 (Kasi et al, 2010) and in Water Environment Research (Kasi et al, 2011). Chapter 4 presents the work relevant to the second objective.…”

Section: Dissertation Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Random disappearance of the target contaminants could cause a possible loss of some of the contaminant degraders and/or the biodegradation activity (Kasi et al, 2011), which are necessary for interspecies interactions for the biodegradation of contaminant mixture. This partial loss of degraders can lead to increased antagonistic substrate interactions, such as diauxie, when the contaminant mixture reappears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Groundwater Remediation Using Enricher Reactor – Permeable Reactive Biobarrier

Kasi¹,

McEvoy²,

Padmanabhan³

et al. 2010

proc water environ fed

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Permeable reactive biobarrier (PRBB) is a flow-through zone where microorganisms degrade contaminants in groundwater. Discontinuous presence of contaminants in groundwater causes performance loss of a PRBB in removing the target contaminant. A novel enricher reactor (ER) -PRBB system was developed to treat groundwater with contaminants that reappear after an absence period. ER is an offline reactor for enriching contaminant degraders, which were used for augmenting PRBB to maintain its performance after a period of contaminant absence. The ER-PRBB concept was initially applied to remove benzene that reappeared after absence periods of 10 and 25 days. PRBBs without ER augmentation experienced performance losses of up to 15% higher than ER-PRBBs.The role of inducer compounds in the ER to enrich bacteria that can degrade a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) was investigated with an objective to minimize the use of toxic chemicals as inducers. Three inducer types were studied: individual BTEX compounds, BTEX mixture, and benzoate (a non toxic and a common intermediate for BTEX biodegradation). Complete BTEX removal was observed for degraders enriched on all three inducer types; however, the removal rates were dependent on the inducer type. Degraders enriched on toluene and BTEX had the highest degradation rates for BTEX of 0.006 to 0.014 day -1 and 0.006 to 0.012 day -1 , respectively, while degraders enriched on benzoate showed the lowest degradation rates of 0.004 to 0.009 day -1 .The ER-PRBB technique was finally applied to address the performance loss of a PRBB due to inhibition interactions among BTEX, when the mixture reappeared after a iv 10 day absence period. The ER-PRBBs experienced minimal to no performance loss, while PRBBs without ER augmentation experienced performance losses between 11% and 35%. Presence of ethanol during the BTEX absence period increased the performance loss of PRBB for benzene removal. PRBBs augmented with degraders enriched on toluene alone overcame the inhibition interaction between benzene and toluene indicating that toluene can be used as a single effective inducer in an ER. The ER-PRBB was demonstrated to be a promising remediation technique and has potential for applications to a wide range of organic contaminants.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…At present, graft polymerization on polymeric matrixes followed by functional monomer is widely used for the surface modification of sorbent materials (Lin et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2009). Grafted polymerization can be initiated by numerous techniques, among these methods, ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced graft polymerization being both economical and environmentally clean technique is a convenient method for enhanced sorption performance of the original PP matrix (Han et al, 2011;Kasi et al, 2011). It is well known that methacrylate is a versatile monomer with unique chemistry, and the methacrylate monomers with a long-chain alkyl group have a good affinity to insoluble organic chemicals (Berenyi, 2007;Hidetaka et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing Factors for Organic Spill Recovery Performance with a Novel Polypropylene‐Methacrylate Sorbent

Wei

Chen

et al. 2015

Water Environment Research

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Insoluble organic matter released to the water body through accidental spillage imposes serious damage on the environment. Polypropylene (PP) fiber and methacrylate resin, however, end up in certain morphology or low sorption capacity after a single use. In this study, a novel sorbent was prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) onto PP fiber matrix to retain the advantages of both PP fibers and methacrylate resins to overcome the shortcomings of each used alone. The different parameters including irradiation power, irradiation time and monomer concentration that effect the grafting degree of grafted fiber were studied. The resulting grafted fibers (PP-g-BMA) were evaluated in this study in terms of sorption capacity, retention behaviors and reusability properties. The investigation revealed that the homopolymerization rate, organic matter temperature and pH values of organic-over-water aqueous solution are the most important factors in the sorption performance of polypropylene grafted fiber sorbent.

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Groundwater Remediation Using an Enricher Reactor—Permeable Reactive Biobarrier for Periodically Absent Contaminants

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media

Mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media

In situ Groundwater Remediation Using Enricher Reactor – Permeable Reactive Biobarrier

Influencing Factors for Organic Spill Recovery Performance with a Novel Polypropylene‐Methacrylate Sorbent

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