Groundwater quality in Zagora southeast of Morocco by using physicochemical analysis and geospatial techniques

Boudellah, Abderrazzaq; Moustaine, R. El; Gharmali, Abdelhay El; Maliki, Abdelmonaim; Moutaouakil, Soumia; Bouriqi, Abdelillah; Khouz, Abdellah; Boulanouar, Mohamed; Ibouh, Hassan; Ghamizi, Mohamed; Hachimi, My Youssef El

doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11163-3

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 72 publications

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“…In general, a higher index implies potentially higher levels of pollution or contamination, however, a lower index suggests improved water quality. Several studies related to the assessment of groundwater quality within the adoption of the WQI have been carried out in Morocco (Bahir et al, 2020;El Mountassir et al, 2020;Jamaa et al, 2020;Bahir et al, 2021a;Bahir et al, 2021b;Sarti et al, 2021;Bahir et al, 2022;Ouhamdouch et al, 2022;Rafik et al, 2022;Benaissa et al, 2023;Boudellah et al, 2023;El Moustaine et al, 2023;El Yousfi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Assessment Of Water Quality 421 Adequacy Of Water For Human ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Ait Said,

Mili,

El Faleh

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The Palm Grove ecosystems situated in the southeastern region of Morocco are highly vulnerable to compromise, encountering significant challenges due to insufficient precipitation and limited availability of groundwater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Tinejdad-Touroug aquifer for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater flows from southwest to northeast mostly in Quaternary conglomerate-lacustrine facies in the Rheris basin. The results show that the domination of the major ions is in the following order: Cl−>HCO3−>SO42−>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>NO3−>K+>NO2−>NH4+. Piper diagram showed the predominance of a single mixed chemical facies Cl-SO4-Ca-Mg, as well as the presence of exceptions of some samples that showed other facies variations. The water quality index (WQI) assessments of the campaigns that were examined demonstrate that the recorded percentages of poor quality water ranged from 40% to 90% while the percentages of good quality water varied from 7.7% to 54.5%. The remaining samples reveal different classes with varying percentages. Most of the sites in all campaigns had drinking water parameters that exceeded the values established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Moroccan standards. Nevertheless, the parameters of Temperature, pH, TH, DO, Ca2+, SO42−, K+, NH4+, and bacteriological parameters were within the required limits. The results of the assessment based on electrical conductivity suggest a significant increase in salinity levels, with an average of 2744.75 µS/cm in 2000, 3248.58 µS/cm in 2007, and 2957.84 µS/cm in 2021. The findings of the study reveal a positive assessment regarding the quality of the water samples examined during the eight sampling campaigns, as indicated by the PI and KR indices. However, additional investigation of the SAR, Na%, and MH indices revealed that three water samples acquired from separate surveys are not appropriate for irrigation purposes, showing that groundwater must be controlled until it can be properly used. The outcomes accentuate the necessity of consistent monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters to establish the safe and sustainable exploitation of water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Elevated salinity levels in Quaternary aquifers resulting from natural mechanisms such as increased rates of evaporation and geological factors may have contributed to the degradation of groundwater quality.

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Section: Assessment Of Water Quality 421 Adequacy Of Water For Human ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Ait Said,

Mili,

El Faleh

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Towards Sustainability in Dry land Oases: Water Challenges and Quality

Khettouch,

Hssaisoune,

Brahim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Drâa river basin (DRB) is a large arid area encompassing most important oases in the south of Morocco. Climate change, population growth and recently intensive agriculture activity have led to the overexploitation of limited groundwater resources aggravating the problem of water salinization. Therefore, this study aims to assess groundwater quality in the DRB using hydrochemical characteristics from various sources. The complex set of water quality information is simplified into two indicators namely the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). Additionally, the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes are assessed using sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and the permeability index (PI). The results show that the degradation of water quality is related to the high content of sodium and chloride which emerge as the predominant ions along the flow path. Fresher water (Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type, low WQI and SAR scores), able to sustain local drinking and irrigation needs, are observed in the Upper DRB, while reducing ions excess and adopting agriculture tolerable to salinity become more imperative in downstream oases. The prevalence of hard, igneous and calcareous rocks imparts a general hardness character at a large scale and bicarbonates exceed the permissible limit in 82.30% of samples. However, sodium hazard was not associated with CaCO3 and MgCO3 precipitation (low PI and RSC). In some areas, nitrate contents imply anthropogenic contamination from local source of pollution, whereas the concentrations of heavy metals are more associated with the geological setting than anthropogenic activities.

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Groundwater quality in Zagora southeast of Morocco by using physicochemical analysis and geospatial techniques

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Towards Sustainability in Dry land Oases: Water Challenges and Quality

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