Groundwater Quality for Irrigation as an Aspect of Sustainable Development Approaches: A Case Study of Semi-Arid Area Around Ismailia Canal, Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt

Salem, Zenhom E.; Fathy, Mohamed; Helal, A. I.; Afifi, S. Y.; Attiah, Abdullah Muhammad

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77622-0_12

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Many approaches are commonly used to assess the suitability of water to irrigation, based on the analysis of major ions (Piper, 1944;Eaton, 1950;Richards et al, 1954;Wilcox, 1955;Gibbs, 1970;Salem et al, 2021). Information given from the water chemical composition offers the possibility to calculate water-derived quality indices that are frequently used (Ettazarini, 2004;Ettazarini, 2005;Naseem et al, 2010;Ishaku et al, 2011;Asiwaju-Bello et al, 2013;Nagaraju et al, 2014;Nayak and Sahoo, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes in the Fritissa region, Moulouya, Morocco

Ben Driss,

Ifliliss,

Ettazarini

et al. 2024

Front. Geochem.

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Under arid and semi-arid climate conditions, as is the case in many Moroccan regions, the availability and quality of water are the main keys to the sustainable development of agricultural zones. In the Fritissa region covering Middle Moulouya and a part of Lower Moulouya, North-eastern Morocco, irrigation practices are necessary for agricultural activities, in an environment with significant population growth, and limited water resources. The main aim of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation purposes, and to determine the possible water-rock interaction processes that influence the groundwater chemistry. The approach is based on the analysis of major ions contents and the calculation of quality indices namely pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Permeability Index (PI) for 94 groundwater samples. Piper classification is used to determine the chemical water facies, while commonly used distribution and geochemical diagrams helped to discuss the possible interaction processes between water and aquifer rocks. The studied groundwater showed varying values for pH (5.8–8.8), salinity (367–3301 mg/L) and total hardness (15–186 mg/l as CaCO3). Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl, and mixed water facies types are found, while one sample showed Na-K-SO4-Cl facies. The plotting of samples in Gibbs diagrams suggests possible water-rock interactions, that are confirmed by geochemical distribution diagrams. The Wilcox diagram showed that most of the water samples are of excellent to good and good to permissible categories, while the US salinity Hazard diagram revealed low sodium hazard and low, medium and high levels of salinity. Groundwater is suitable for irrigation according to current international standards if some precautions are considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes in the Fritissa region, Moulouya, Morocco

Ben Driss,

Ifliliss,

Ettazarini

et al. 2024

Front. Geochem.

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“…In the Nile Delta, agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect groundwater quality (Salem et al, 2021). The increased exploitation of water resources associated with the population growth led to dramatic changes in both surface and groundwater systems, such as deterioration of water quality, reduced levels of safe surface water resources, groundwater salinization, and lowering of groundwater table (Salem et al, 2015;Salem and Osman, 2017a;Nhu et al, 2020;Shojaei et al, 2021;Aderemi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and spatial evaluation of the groundwater chemistry in the Central Nile Delta Quaternary aquifer to assess the effects of human activities and seawater intrusion

Salem

ElNahrawy

Attiah

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Contaminants can be found in the groundwater through natural processes, such as seawater intrusion, or due to human activities that can adversely affect the quantity, quality, and distribution of the groundwater. In order to assess the influence of human activities and seawater intrusion on the groundwater chemistry in the Central Nile Delta region, groundwater was collected from 167 production wells, with depths of 15–120 m. In addition, eight soil-water samples were collected from depths of about 1 m. The groundwater samples were divided based on well depths into three zones: shallow zone (<40 m depth), intermediate zone (41–60 m depth), and deep zone (>60 m depth). The TDS, EC, pH, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42- were determined for all water samples. The groundwater samples with Cl of 100–200 mg/L and EC of 600–2,000 μs/cm represent mixing between freshwater and saltwater. The increase in TDS and concentrations of all major ions toward the northern parts reflected the impact of the seawater intrusion. The groundwater had an Na/Cl ratio of 0.46–2.75, indicating the influence of both seawater intrusion and anthropogenic activities on groundwater chemistry. In addition, the high Ca/Mg, Ca/SO4, and Ca/HCO3 ratios (>1) indicated that the groundwater was intruded by seawater. The obtained water types, the ionic ratios, and the saturation index results suggested that anthropogenic activities, water-rock interaction, infiltration, mineral weathering, and seawater intrusion are the main processes controlling the variation and evolution of groundwater chemistry.

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Integrated stratigraphical, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical studies to characterize the shallow groundwater aquifers in Wadi Araba area, western Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Salem,

Abdelazeem,

Khalifa

et al. 2024

Appl Water Sci

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The construction of the New Galala City besides great mining (e.g., konoozmisr) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant projects in the semiarid Gulf of Suez region of Egypt increases the demand for groundwater resources. So, the current research provides integrated stratigraphical, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical studies to investigate the shallow groundwater aquifers in Wadi Araba area on the western side of the Gulf of Suez. The stratigraphic column starts with pre-Cambrian basement rocks which are non-conformably overlain by sedimentary succession of Phanerozoic Erathem. A detailed land magnetic profile has been conducted and processed to estimate the aquifer’s geometrical parameters. This includes the subsurface spatial extension and thickness to delineate the prevailed subsurface structures in the study area. Lithostratigraphically, these aquifers are represented by the Paleozoic- lower Cretaceous siliciclastic-dominated sediments of the Nubia Group and fractured carbonate-dominated facies of the upper Cretaceous Galala Formation. Lithological characters, sedimentary facies (fluvial to shallow and open marine), microfacies types, and diagenesis processes (e.g., compaction, cementation, dissolution, and fracturing) are the main factors that affect the quality of the shallow aquifers in the study area. The main microfacies of the studied aquifers are quartz arenite, subarkose, sublitharenite, mudstone/wackestone, and packstone/grainstone. These facies are characterized by different primary and secondary porosities. According to the water sampling standard methods, nineteen groundwater samples were collected from the available hand-dug wells and springs from the Nubian sandstone aquifer and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), titration, spectrophotometer and a flame photometer were used to obtain a complete chemical analysis. The results of hydrochemical analyses indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentrations of major ions as well in the lower Cretaceous aquifer increase toward the Gulf of Suez and in general higher than that of springs of the Upper Cretaceous Aquifer. The predominant factors influencing groundwater chemistry include seawater intrusion, evaporation, mineral alteration, dissolution of fossils, and ion exchange. Groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for drinking except in one sample and moderately suitable for irrigation with caution for higher salinity in samples located near the Gulf of Suez.

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Groundwater Quality for Irrigation as an Aspect of Sustainable Development Approaches: A Case Study of Semi-Arid Area Around Ismailia Canal, Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes in the Fritissa region, Moulouya, Morocco

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes in the Fritissa region, Moulouya, Morocco

Vertical and spatial evaluation of the groundwater chemistry in the Central Nile Delta Quaternary aquifer to assess the effects of human activities and seawater intrusion

Integrated stratigraphical, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical studies to characterize the shallow groundwater aquifers in Wadi Araba area, western Gulf of Suez, Egypt

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