Groundwater quality and hydrogeological characteristics of Malacca state in Malaysia

The use of expanded polystyrene filters is a promising method for tertiary treatment of domestic waste effluent where biologically treated effluent is filtered through a layer of buoyant polystyrene beads. The advantage of such filters is in the absence of backwashing pumps, containers of clean washing water, while having low energy costs, high resistance of polystyrene to various chemical contaminants that may be in the effluent, easy automation of switching modes.The article describes the features of the design and principles of the expanded polystyrene filter operation with an upward filtration flow which works in automatic mode. The article includes the comparison of operation and the structural technological characteristics of polystyrene filters with disc filters, which are usually used in practice of tertiary-treatment of effluent in the UK.Experimental results were obtained from the operation of expanded polystyrene filters with an upward flow of filtration at two operational wastewater treatment plants. The effectiveness of the tertiary-treatment of waste effluent was evaluated by measures of BOD and COD in non-filtered and filtered samples, as well as total suspended solids during the months of the year and hours of the day. The filter demonstrated an average removal of 40% BOD, 28% of COD and 66% of TSS.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of expanded polystyrene filter for tertiary treatment of domestic waste effluent in the UK

Fylypchuk

Induchny²,

Pearce

et al. 2017

“…However, a relatively high level of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, salt ions, and other elements, as well as a certain amount of pathogenic bacteria have provided limits to its direct agricultural reuse [RIZZO et al 2014;WEI et al 2016]. Insufficiently treated of urban and industrial effluent leads to pollution not only of surface water but also groundwater [FYLYPCHUK et al 2017;SHIRAZI et al 2015;SMOROŃ 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation with treated wastewaters and the protection of Hennaya groundwater – Tlemcen, Algeria

Bemmoussat

Adjim

Bensaoula

2019

The Henaya Irrigated Perimeter (HIP) is an agricultural area irrigated by treated wastewater (TWW) of Ain El Hout treatment plant. Various analyses have shown that i) this water has low concentration of heavy metals and toxic elements, ii) the average values of the physicochemical parameters for 136 samples are satisfactory (29.2 mg O2∙dm−3 for chemical oxygen demands – COD, 13.14 mg O2∙dm−3 for biological oxygen demands – BOD, 14.2 mg∙dm−3 of suspended matter – SM, 1.82 mg∙dm−3 of N-NO3, 7.7 for pH and 927.74 μS∙cm−1 for electric conductivity – EC). Thirdly, it contains a high number of bacteria and nematodes (7200 CFU∙(100 dm3)−1 for faecal coliforms and 30 eggs∙dm−3 for intestinal Nematodes) which makes it dangerous for groundwater contamination.The objective in this work is to characterize the TWW and evaluate the impact of it use for irrigation on the quality of Hennaya groundwater. Before this, one has to prove that there is an amount of TWW that feeds the water table to show that there is a risk of pollution. We then estimated the aquifer minimum recharge value by TWW using the Thormthwaite method. The estimation has given 92 mm which is an important quantity. The results of the groundwater microbiological analyses reveal no sign of contamination. The cause is the efficiency of the degradation of pollutants of the Vadose zone. The soil purifying power Md of the HIP was evaluated by the Rehse method and gave values ranging from 2.1 to 12.7 which indicated a complete purification.

“…The most important sources of contamination include domestic wastewater, which causes problems not only in the less-developed areas of the world, but in developed areas, as well, due to inappropriate water treatment [BANKS et al 2002;HAN et al 2016;JUMMA et al 2012;MACHIWAL, JHA 2015;SMOROŃ 2016]. This is very dangerous because in most countries the population's drinking water supply is provided primarily from groundwater sources [BENRABAH et al 2016;SHIRAZI et al 2015;SZŰCS et al 2015]. In Europe this proportion is 75%, but in Hungary's case, 95% of the population's drinking water is provided from groundwater sources [SZŰCS 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of uninsulated sewage tanks on groundwater. A case study in an eastern Hungarian settlement

Mester¹,

Szabó²,

Bessenyei³

et al. 2017

In our study we attempt to demonstrate the effects of uninsulated sewage tanks, which are the most important sources of contamination in settlements without sewage systems, on groundwater quality. We compared the results of measurements carried out before and one and a half years after the construction of the sewage system. We established 3 m deep monitoring wells within a 25 m radius of a sewage tank, which were then sampled, and the level of groundwater was recorded. The 3D model constructed on the basis of the saturated zone shows that the effluent wastewater formed a groundwater level dome with a height of more than 1 m. After the sewage tank was taken out of use the difference between the highest and lowest groundwater levels decreased to a few centimetres. In our study we investigated the spatial distribution of NH4+(ammonium). Using the 3D model we were able to precisely determine the volume of water bodies with different levels of contamination. In an approximately 25 m3water body, in the immediate environment of a sewage tank in use we detected NH4+at a concentration which was characteristic of undiluted wastewater (>90 mg·dm−3). After the sewage tank was taken out of use, the concentration in its immediate environment decreased by more than 50%, although almost everywhere in the modelled area concentrations were measured above the limit value. Based on the above, we can conclude that the cleaning process has started, but the complete decontamination of the groundwater will take several years.