Groundwater of Sicily (Italy) Close to Landfill Sites: Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment

Persistent Organic Pollutants and Fatty Acid Profile in a Typical Cheese from Extensive Farms: First Assessment of Human Exposure by Dietary Intake

“…A total of 16 PAHs, 21 PCBs, and 8 PBDE were quantified, in two different steps (one for PAH and a second for PCBs and PBDEs), using a gas chromatograph coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer GC-MS/MS with autosampler (GC Trace 1310, MS TSQ8000, and Triplus RSH with a syringe of 10 μL from Thermo Scientific), injecting 5 μL of sample in a large volume injector (LVI), and using a TG-5MS as capillary column [ 46 , 47 ].…”

“…The cancer risk (CR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were calculated following Equations (4) to (7) [ 47 , 51 ]: ADD = C_food × IR × EF × ED/AT CR = ADD × CSFo HQ_i = ADD/(RfDo_i) HI = ΣHQ_i where ADD is the average daily dose (mg/kg/day), C food is pollutant concentration in food (mg/g), IR is the ingestion rate per kg body weight, and per days (0.88 g/kg BW per day) [ 52 ], EF is the frequency of exposure (days/year), ED is the exposure duration (years), AT is the average lifespan that for CR risk is 2550 days (equal to 70 years × 365 days) while for HQ is 10950 days (equal to 30 years × 365 days), CSFo is oral cancer slope factor (mg/kg per day), RfDo is oral reference dose (mg/kg per day), and gastrointestinal absorption ABS_GI ( Table 2 ).…”