Groundwater nitrate concentration evolution under climate change and agricultural adaptation scenarios: Prince Edward Island, Canada

Paradis, Daniel; Vigneault, Harold; Lefebvre, René; Savard, Martine M.; Ballard, Jean-Marc; Qian, Budong

doi:10.5194/esd-7-183-2016

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The increase in NO 3 − concentrations has become the major problem affecting the quality of groundwater resources in many regions during recent decades [64]. Therefore, new strategies are needed to improve and to protect long-term groundwater resources [65]. Several options exist for solving this problem and ensuring the supply of high quality of drinking water.…”

Section: Perspectives For Adjusted Fertilisation Of Srcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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A short rotation coppice (SRC) with poplar was established in a randomised fertilisation experiment on sandy loam soil in Potsdam (Northeast Germany). The main objective of this study was to assess if negative environmental effects as nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions are enhanced by mineral nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to poplar at rates of 0, 50 and 75 kg N ha −1 year −1 and how these effects are influenced by tree age with increasing number of rotation periods and cycles of organic matter decomposition and tree growth after each harvesting event. Between 2008 and 2012, the leaching of nitrate (NO 3 − ) was monitored with self-integrating accumulators over 6-month periods and the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were determined in closed gas chambers. During the first 4 years of the poplar SRC, most nitrogen was lost through NO 3 − leaching from the main root zone; however, there was no significant relationship to the rate of N fertilisation. On average, 5.8 kg N ha −1 year −1 (13.0 kg CO 2equ ) was leached from the root zone. Nitrogen leaching rates decreased in the course of the 4-year study parallel to an increase of the fine root biomass and the degree of mycorrhization. In contrast to N leaching, the loss of nitrogen by N 2 O emissions from the soil was very low with an average of 0.61 kg N ha −1 year −1 (182 kg CO 2equ ) and were also not affected by N fertilisation over the whole study period. Real CO 2 emissions from the poplar soil were two orders of magnitude higher ranging between 15,122 and 19,091 kg CO 2 ha −1 year −1 and followed the rotation period with enhanced emission rates in the years of harvest. As key-factors for NO 3 − leaching and N 2 O emissions, the time after planting and after harvest and the rotation period have been identified by a mixed effects model.

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Section: Perspectives For Adjusted Fertilisation Of Srcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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“…One of the most important impacts of climate change and variability on water resources is the reduction of groundwater recharge rate and aquifers' water table depletion [17,32,33]. This fact affects groundwater quality, leading to the increase of nitrates concentration [17,31,61]. In our research, for the long-term period of SREA2 scenario without reservoir operation, groundwater recharge was reduced to 4.4 hm 3 per year and hydraulic head drawdown reached 45 m resulting to about 18 mg/L increase of nitrates concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimation of the nitrate leaching amount is carried out by various methods. Nitrate concentration in groundwater is determined mainly by hydrogeological parameters, the mass nitrogen loading, and the water infiltration from the ground surface to subsurface system [17]. The typical form of a groundwater nitrate leaching function is a timeseries of spatially loading application rates varying by cultivated area, the crop pattern, the specific fraction of the on-ground nitrogen loading, which is leaching in the nitrate form, and finally the amount of water, which infiltrates to groundwater system.…”

Section: Nitrate Transport and Dispersion Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Integrated Modeling for Climate and Water Resources Scenarios: The Case of Lake Karla Over-Exploited Aquifer

Sidiropoulos

Tziatzios

Vasiliades

et al. 2019

Water

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Groundwater quantity and quality degradation by agricultural practices is recorded as one of the most critical issues worldwide. This is explained by the fact that groundwater is an important component of the hydrological cycle, since it is a source of natural enrichment for rivers, lakes, and wetlands and constitutes the main source of potable water. The need of aquifers simulation, taking into account water resources components at watershed level, is imperative for the choice of appropriate restoration management practices. An integrated water resources modeling approach, using hydrological modeling tools, is presented for assessing the nitrate fate and transport on an over-exploited aquifer with intensive and extensive agricultural activity under various operational strategies and future climate change scenarios. The results indicate that climate change affects nitrates concentration in groundwater, which is likely to be increased due to the depletion of the groundwater table and the decrease of groundwater enrichment in the future water balance. Application of operational agricultural management practices with the construction and use of water storage infrastructure tend to compensate the groundwater resources degradation due to climate change impacts.

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“…In addition to field-based studies, numerical models are useful tools to provide insights into water flow and nutrient transport dynamics from agricultural fields to hydrological receptors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Numerical models for subsurface water modeling have further been categorized as vadose zone and saturated zone models.…”

Section: Of 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous studies conducted to examine the impacts of climate change on groundwater in Canada were focused on water quantity rather than quality [18,27,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Very little research has been done on a subwatershed scale to develop fully integrated models with different crop rotations to simulate both water flow and agricultural nitrate transport in groundwater considering future climate change [27,37,[45][46][47]. The primary objective of this study is examine the impacts of climate change (for the 2040-2059 period) and land use changes (focused on three crop rotation scenarios) on Nitrate-N concentrations in groundwater using integrated numerical modeling tools.…”

Section: Of 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change and Different Crop Rotation Scenarios on Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations in a Sandy Aquifer

et al. 2020

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Nitrate in groundwater is a major concern in agricultural sub-watersheds. This study assessed the impacts of future climate and agricultural land use changes on groundwater nitrate concentrations in an agricultural sub-watershed (Norfolk site) in southern Ontario, Canada. A fully integrated hydrologic model (HydroGeoSphere) was used in combination with the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) (shallow zone) to develop water flow and nitrate transport models. Three climate change models and three crop rotations (corn-soybean rotation, continuous corn, corn-soybean-winter wheat-red clover rotation) were used to evaluate the potential impact on groundwater quality (nine predictive scenarios). The selected climate change scenarios yielded less water availability in the future period than in the reference period (past conditions). The simulated nitrate nitrogen (Nitrate-N) concentrations were lower during the future period than the reference period. The continuous corn land use scenario produced higher Nitrate-N concentrations compared to the base case (corn-soybean rotation). However, the best management practices (BMP) scenario (corn-soybean-winter wheat-red clover rotation) produced significantly lower groundwater nitrate concentrations. BMPs, such as the one examined herein, should be adopted to reduce potential negative impacts of future climate change on groundwater quality, especially in vulnerable settings. These findings are important for water and land managers, to mitigate future impacts of nutrient transport on groundwater quality under a changing climate.

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Groundwater nitrate concentration evolution under climate change and agricultural adaptation scenarios: Prince Edward Island, Canada

Cited by 49 publications

References 59 publications

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Integrated Modeling for Climate and Water Resources Scenarios: The Case of Lake Karla Over-Exploited Aquifer

Impacts of Climate Change and Different Crop Rotation Scenarios on Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations in a Sandy Aquifer

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