Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options

Minhas, P.S.; Qadir, Manzoor; Yadav, Rajender Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.030

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Worldwide, a major obstacle confronting irrigated agriculture, especially in drought-prone arid and semiarid regions, is the anticipated shortage of freshwater supplies and competition from other water-use sectors; prompting farmers to explore the non-conventional water resources (saline or sodic) to complement the irrigation water demand [1][2][3][4]. The tendency to increase the irrigation water use efficiency and inappropriately managed poor quality water for irrigation over a period of time has witnessed widespread increase in land and environmental degradation and associated salt accumulation [5,6]. If current trends continue unabated, the conservative estimate suggests that, by 2050, approximately 50% of the world agriculture will be affected by salinity and sodicity related problem and associated hazards [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodicity induced disruptions of soil structure (reduced infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and surface crusting) makes it difficult for plants to get established and obtain adequate water and nutrients [14], hampers the root penetration [15], and restricts the metabolic and enzymatic activities [16]. These physical and nutritional constraints to growing plants negatively affect the crop productivity [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience

et al. 2021

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To explore the comparative effects of field sodicity (soil pH) and irrigation water residual alkalinity (RSCiw) on physiological and biochemical attributes of salt tolerance, and crop performance of two wheat varieties (KRL 210, HD 2967), a total of 308 on-farm trials were carried out in sodicity affected Ghaghar Basin of Haryana, India. Salt tolerant variety KRL 210 maintained relatively higher leaf relative water content (RWC; 1.9%), photosynthetic rate (Pn; 5.1%), stomatal conductance (gS; 6.6%), and transpiration (E; 4.1%) with lower membrane injury (MII; −8.5%), and better control on accumulation of free proline (P; −18.4%), Na+/K+ in shoot (NaK_S; −23.1%) and root (NaK_R; −18.7%) portion compared to traditional HD 2967. Altered physiological response suppressed important yield-related traits revealing repressive effects of sodicity stress on wheat yields; albeit to a lesser extent in KRL 210 with each gradual increase in soil pH (0.77–1.10 t ha−1) and RSCiw (0.29–0.33 t ha−1). HD 2967 significantly outyielded KRL 210 only at soil pH ≤ 8.2 and RSCiw ≤ 2.5 me L−1. By comparisons, substantial improvements in salt tolerance potential of KRL 210 with increasing sodicity stress compensated in attaining significantly higher yields as and when soil pH becomes >8.7 and RSCiw > 4 me L−1. Designing such variety-oriented threshold limits of sodicity tolerance in wheat will help address the challenge to enhance crop resilience, closing the yield gaps and improve rural livelihood under the existing or predicted levels of salt stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience

et al. 2021

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“…A layer with dispersed clay can obtain a very low hydraulic conductivity and will be mechanically very hard, impeding water flow as well as biological activity. Such layers can only be disrupted by mechanical means (Shainberg & Letey, 1984), whereas sodic layers, which still provide some degree of hydraulic conductivity, can also be remediated by chemical amendments, phytoremediation, or tillage (Minhas, Qadir, & Yadav, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil sodicity originating from marginal groundwater

Craats

Zee

Sui

et al. 2020

Vadose Zone Journal

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Soil salinity and sodicity are among the oldest soil and groundwater pollution problems and are widespread across the globe. Where salinity affects crop water uptake and yield, sodicity may additionally cause poorly reversible soil structure degradation and a severely reduced hydraulic conductivity. We use the model HYDRUS-1D to simulate sodicity development in soils with shallow, Na-rich groundwater under a normal weather regime with distinct dry seasons. Attention is given to the impact of a sudden fresh water input on the formation of a sodic layer. The complex interplay between soil chemistry, soil physics, soil mechanics (as far as swell-shrink behavior is concerned), and fluctuating atmospheric conditions results in a remarkably regular relation between depth, location, and severity of a sodic layer that forms within the soil as a function of rainfall intensity. A threshold behavior is observed: sodic layer formation is absent at rainfall intensities below this threshold, whereas sodic layer thickness and hydraulic conductivity reduction increase rapidly with intensities exceeding this threshold. This is the case even for different soil types and groundwater depths. Field observations agree with our simulations: the properties of the layer with sodicity-induced structure degradation are more strongly developed, as this layer is situated at a shallower depth. The implementation of hydraulic conductivity reduction as a function of exchangeable Na percentage and ionic strength in HYDRUS-1D can be improved towards a smooth reduction function, changing soil physical parameters due to swelling and dispersion of clay and reconsideration of the reversibility of sodicity development.

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“…Soil salinization is one of the main factors affecting soil deterioration in arid and semiarid regions (Peng et al, 2019). Such a problem arises mainly due to the usage of low quality water in irrigation without considering appropriate leaching requirements (Minhas et al, 2019). This consequently threatens food security and sustainability (Saqib et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect impacts of irrigation with low quality water on the environmental safety

Farid¹,

Abbas²,

Bassouny³

et al. 2019

Egypt.J. Soil Sci.

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Using low quality water for irrigation is probably one of the main reasons for contaminating the arable lands with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), especially within the arid and semiarid regions. On the other hand, most farmers depend thereon on natural inefficient drainage systems to get rid of excess water flows. It was thought that the hydraulic continuities exist, totally or partially, among (a) the underground waters of the arable lands that receive low quality water for irrigation, (b) the underground waters of the nearby lands that use fresh Nile water for irrigation and (c) the sources of fresh water themselves. Therefore, the following assumptions were considered because of their potentially high ecological implications: H1: soil leakage of low quality irrigation water might have negative consequences on the quality of fresh water itself that is used for irrigating the nearby arable lands. H2: concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in irrigation water are probably the main factors controlling their corresponding available and total concentrations in soil. H3: concentrations of PTEs within the edible parts of plants grown on the nearby areas irrigated with fresh water are relatively high and may be considered not suitable for consumption. To investigate the abovementioned hypotheses, irrigation water (fresh Nile, underground and wastewaters), soil and plant samples were collected from three different governorates, i.e. New Salhia (El-Sharqia), ElSaff (Giza) and Meet Kenana (Qualubia). One site from each governorate was selected to represent the arable lands that use fresh Nile water for irrigation while the other sites were irrigated with either the underground water or wastewater solely. Quality of the fresh (Nile) irrigation water used in the studied locations was estimated as class II on the basis of its salinity hazards. The other water samples were estimated to be,according to the same basis, as of potentially high or very high salinity hazards. In case of water sodicity, SAR values did not exceed "13" in nearly most water samples. The BOD and COD values exceeded the acceptable levels (even in the Nile fresh water). Moreover, the measured values in fresh water seemed to be comparable, to some extent, with the corresponding ones estimated for either the underground or wastewaters; accordingly,we accept H1. Concentrations of the PTEs, i.e. Pb, Co and Cd in all the collected water samples, generally, did not exceed the maximum permissible levels (MPLs) recommended by FAO (1994). However, Ni was the only one among the studied PTEs whose concentration exceeded the MPL only in the underground water of New Salhiaduring the summer season. It is worthy to mention that AB-DTPA extractable PTEs were correlated significantly with PTEs concentrations in irrigation water. Also, AB-DTPA extractable PTEs were correlated significantly with their total contents in soil; hence, we partially accept the second hypothesis i.e. H2 Furthermore; concentrations of PTEs in the edible parts of plants irrigated w...

show abstract

Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options

Cited by 87 publications

References 45 publications

Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience

Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience

Soil sodicity originating from marginal groundwater

Indirect impacts of irrigation with low quality water on the environmental safety

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