Groundwater Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Utah FORGE Site and Vicinity

Kirby, Stefan M.; Simmons, S. W.; Inkenbrandt, Paul C.; Smith, Stan

doi:10.34191/mp-169-e

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The 3D composite velocity model was contributed from two velocity models, a base model from the quasi-3D VS model of [18] and VP and VS profiles from [7]. A quasi-3D Swave velocity model was constructed [18] by applying spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) over 61 1D VS profiles over an approximately 3.5 km by 3.5 km (11,482.94 ft by 11,482.94 ft) area via Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion (BMCI). Their quasi-3D SPAC VS model provides reliable velocity images with a resolvable depth down to 2.0 km (6561.68 ft).…”

Section: Velocity Model Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

Wang,

Stewart

2024

Energies

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A 2D walkway vertical seismic profile (VSP) survey was conducted using a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system in southwest Utah, which is part of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project. The VSP was undertaken to obtain detailed structural information for a better understanding of the area’s subsurface geology and associated fracture development. By combining a 3D composite velocity model from previous studies and considering the complex geological structure beneath this region, we processed the data to create P-P depth image. We also modified the interval Q calculation using a moving window over the gauge-length corrected DAS record to generate the velocity profile and the comparable interval attenuation curve. The correlated P-P images from two DAS records successfully indicate not only the main contact between shallow unconsolidated sediments and the metamorphic basement rocks at 2650 ft (807.72 m) but also several distinct reflections related to the geological contacts. The refined velocity profiles and the depth images can provide baseline results for further seismic modeling and time-lapse imaging.

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Section: Velocity Model Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. Utah FORGE geological map (modified from[11]). Abbreviations: Qa-1 = Lake Bonneville silts and sands; Qa-2 = alluvial fan deposits; Qr = Quaternary rhyolite lava and pyroclastic deposits' Tg = Tertiary granitoid; PC = Preca.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

Wang,

Stewart

2024

Energies

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“…Table 2 summarizes the granitoid permeability and porosity. Permeability and porosity for the sedimentary materials were estimated from aquifer tests conducted at the FORGE site [37], analysis of cuttings collected during the drilling of Well 58-32 [11,33,36], and geophysical well logs collected in Well 58-32 [11,33,36]. As the sedimentary materials were not the focus of this modeling study, single values were used to represent the permeability and porosity, as summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Hydrologic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

et al. 2021

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The Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site is a multi-year initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Energy for enhanced geothermal system research and development. The site is located on the margin of the Great Basin near the town of Milford, Utah. Work has so far resulted in the compilation of a large amount of subsurface data which have been used to improve the geologic understanding of the site. Based on the compiled data, a three-dimensional geologic model describing the structure, composition, permeability, and temperature at the Utah FORGE site was developed. A deep exploratory well (Well 58-32) and numerous tests conducted therein provide information on reservoir rock type, temperature, stress, permeability, etc. Modeling and simulation will play a critical role at the site and need to be considered as a general scientific discovery tool to elucidate the behavior of enhanced geothermal systems and as a deterministic (or stochastic) tool to plan and predict specific activities. This paper will present the development of a reference native state model and the calibration of the model to the reservoir pressure, temperature, and stress measured in Well 58-32.

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“…1). The combination of arid conditions, western sloping topography, alluvial basin fill, fractured basement rocks, and steeply dipping faults are the main influences on groundwater flow in and around Roosevelt Hot Springs (Kirby et al, 2019).…”

Section: ■ Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of hydrothermal conditions, production-injection induced effects, and evidence for enhanced geothermal system-type heat exchange in response to >30 years of production at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, USA

et al. 2021

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The Roosevelt Hot Springs hydrothermal system is located at the base of the Mineral Mountains in southwestern Utah on the eastern side of the Basin and Range. Hydrothermal activity is related to relatively recent bimodal magmatism, and the system is hosted in coarsely crystalline rock made of Oligocene–Miocene granitoids and Precambrian gneiss. The hydrothermal plume covers ∼5 km2, with a maximum temperature of 268 °C at ∼750 m depth, and a vertically extensive fault-fracture mesh east of the Opal Mound fault controls the upflow of hydrothermal fluids. Power generation (currently 38 MWe gross) began in 1984, and up through 2016, four wells were used for fluid production, and three wells were used for edge-field injection. Chemical analyses of produced fluids show that modern reservoir fluid compositions are similar to but more concentrated than those at the start of production, having near-neutral pH, total dissolved solids of 7000–10,000 mg/kg, and ionic ratios of Cl/HCO3 ∼50–100, Cl/SO4 ∼50–100, and Na/K ∼4–5. Chemical geothermometers indicate equilibration temperatures that mainly range between 240° and 300 °C. Early production induced a steep drop in pressure (∼3.0–3.5 MPa), which was accompanied by a 250–300 m lowering of piezometric levels in wells and development of a shallow steam zone across the system. Hydrothermal fluid compositions evolved continuously in response to production-related steam-loss and injection breakthrough, which is reflected by gradual increases in chloride of up to 35% and stable isotope ratios of up to ∼2‰δ18O and ∼10‰δD. Simple mixing model calculations suggest that there has been a significant amount, ∼10–20 MWth, of sustained multi-decadal heat mining and enhanced geothermal system (EGS)–type heat transfer by the injectate as it returns to the production zone. Overall, the two factors that have sustained long-term power production (currently 38 MWe gross) are the increased upflow of deep chloride water and, to a lesser extent, the mining of heat at <1 km depth.

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Groundwater Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Utah FORGE Site and Vicinity

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

Interpretation of hydrothermal conditions, production-injection induced effects, and evidence for enhanced geothermal system-type heat exchange in response to >30 years of production at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, USA

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Groundwater Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Utah FORGE Site and Vicinity

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

Subsurface Imaging by a Post-Stimulation Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal System Site

A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

Interpretation of hydrothermal conditions, production-injection induced effects, and evidence for enhanced geothermal system-type heat exchange in response to &gt;30 years of production at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, USA

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Interpretation of hydrothermal conditions, production-injection induced effects, and evidence for enhanced geothermal system-type heat exchange in response to >30 years of production at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, USA