Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin

Cherkauer, Douglas S.; Hensel, Bruce R.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(86)90126-5

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…The earliest method of calculating the net groundwater flow around a lake was by considering the flow term as the residual in the water balance equation after estimating values for rainfall, evapotranspiration, stream discharge, changes in lake levels and artificial diversions if any (Cherkauer and Hensel, 1986). However estimates based on residuals provide only net inflow or outflow, with no information on the individual magnitudes of inflow and outflow or their spatial distribution across the lake bed (Winter, 1981b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of spatial patterns of ground-water exchange with lakes, using a three-dimensional numerical model

Bandopadhyay¹

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Bandopadhyay, Indranil, "Investigation of spatial patterns of ground-water exchange with lakes, using a three-dimensional numerical model" (1996) Miami, Florida Professor David Genereux, Major ProfessorHydrogeologic variables controlling groundwater exchange with inflow and flow-through lakes were simulated using a three-dimensional numerical model (MODFLOW) to investigate and quantify spatial patterns of lake bed seepage and hydraulic head distributions in the porous medium surrounding the lakes.Also, the total annual inflow and outflow were calculated as a percentage of lake volume for flow-through lake simulations. The general exponential decline of seepage rates with distance offshore was best demonstrated at lower anisotropy ratio (i.e., Kh/Kv = 1, 10), with increasing deviation from the exponential pattern as anisotropy was increased to 100 and 1000. 2-D vertical section models constructed for comparison with 3-D models showed that groundwater heads and seepages were higher in 3-D simulations. Addition of V low conductivity lake sediments decreased seepage rates nearshore and increased seepage rates offshore in inflow lakes, and increased the area of groundwater inseepage on the beds of flow-through lakes. Introduction of heterogeneity into the medium decreased the water table and seepage rates nearshore, and increased seepage rates offshore in inflow lakes. A laterally restricted aquifer located at the downgradient side of the flow-through lake increased the area of outseepage. Recharge rate, lake depth and lake bed slope had relatively little effect on the spatial patterns of seepage rates and groundwater exchange with lakes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%