Grounding Fault in Series-Connection-Based Offshore Wind Farms: Fault Clearance

Guo, Gaopeng; Zha, Kunpeng; Zhang, Jiao; Wang, Zhibing; Zhang, Fan; Cao, Junzheng

doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.2971640

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…2 presents the dc/dc converter as an aggregated system for simplicity where a practical system may adopt a modular topology presented in [21], using one or more IGBT active bridges driving one or more MFTs within a rectification stage. Compared with controlled output rectifier stages in [11], [13], [19], the proposed diode rectification stage features relatively low capital costs and operational losses, and simple converter design, which is especially beneficial for such applications requiring galvanic isolation and high-voltage ratings.…”

Section: A Wind Energy Conversion System (Wecs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A salient merit of conventional SC-OWFs is eliminating the requirement of offshore infrastructure [14], however the system security of this configuration is compromised when subject to offshore cable faults (short and open circuits). Offshore grounding faults are studied in [19], where the cascading effect of such faults is highlighted, and a fault-clearance method based on coordinated operation of a specific WECS dc/dc converter and protective switches is given, however, only short-circuit to ground faults are considered in this study. Although dumping resistors (DRs) are deployed within the WECSs to provide wind turbine level protection, any collector cable rupture (open circuit) fault will completely cease the system power transmission [15], resulting in high venerability with long periods of zero power production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Tait

Wang

Ahmed

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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The series-connected offshore wind farm (SC-OWF) is a promising offshore wind generation solution to mitigate the need of centralized offshore high-voltage/power converter stations. Predominantly, researchers have focused on the steadystate operation and control of SC-OWFs, without considering the system-level characteristics and ability to ride-through dc side and ac network faults. This paper proposes an enhanced system for SC-OWF applications with fault-resilient capability, where comprehensive circuit configuration and protection strategies are articulated to minimize the negative effects caused by various types of dc and ac faults. For the offshore wind farm architecture, a grouping scheme is adopted where a substation based on disconnectors and diodes is proposed to realize prompt fault bypass/isolation and protection functions in the event of offshore system faults. Additionally, an onshore fault-tolerant modular multilevel converter (MMC) with modified dc-system-oriented control is employed to enable smooth and secure operation under steady-state and fault conditions. The proposed SC-OWF system is quantitatively substantiated by time-domain simulations where four ac/dc fault cases are considered, and the results consolidate the feasibility of the proposed configuration and control, indicating fault resilience of the SC-OWF system. Additionally, size, weight and cost estimations of the proposed offshore substation are presented and compared to a conventional MMC offshore station, to further highlight the merits of the proposed solution.

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Section: A Wind Energy Conversion System (Wecs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Tait

Wang

Ahmed

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…According to the Guo et al (2020) and Biswas and Nayak (2021), the aforementioned mutual inductances can be calculated as follows:…”

Section: Cable Sheath Induced Current Caused By Magnetic Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Cable Sheath Current-Based Protection Scheme for an Offshore HVAC Wind Transmission System

Zhao

Liu²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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Due to the complex sending terminal structure of offshore wind transmission systems, conventional on-line monitoring-based protection cannot work well. The electromagnetic transient faults are also difficult to locate due to a short time span with fast characteristics that are affected by various power electronic devices and control algorithms. To solve the aforementioned problems, a new offshore wind transmission line protection scheme based on active detection of submarine cable sheath current is proposed. This method uses a normalized coding cooperation to realize the risk levels and failure locations of the transient defects, and then the sheath currents become a characteristic input data source, which can build a clear system protection boundary. Case studies using MATLAB and ATP simulations are carried out, where three types of transient faults represented by sheath currents are studied, i.e., loss of electrical continuity of grounding device, short circuit of segmented metal sheath of cable joint, and water immersion of junction box. Testing results illustrated that the proposed method could achieve fast fault detection and precise fault location of the electromagnetic transients. Moreover, compared with conventional wind farm protection techniques, it only needs to add few signal injection modules with high sampling frequency into the submarine optical fibers.

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“…Also, the fault isolation for SCUs is researched A reconfiguration topology for a series-parallel system is presented in [19], but more cables and breakers are needed with investment being increased. In [20], diodes are added to the series cluster to avoid overcurrent of the healthy branch when DC fault happens at one branch. In [21], an isolation station is proposed to clear where the DC fault occurs by groups through diode, isolation switches, and bypass switches, which need an additional platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Strategy for Offshore Wind Farms with DC Collection System Based on Series-Connected Diode Rectifier

Xie

Cheng²,

2022

Sustainability

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The DR-HVDC (Diode rectifier-based HVDC) transmission topology was recently proposed for integration on large offshore wind farms due to its low investment cost and high reliability. To further reduce the investment, a DC collection topology based on the series-connected diode rectifiers (DR) is proposed, where no offshore platform is needed. However, units of series-connected topology (SCU) show coupling issues, such as overvoltage, energy curtailment, and fault isolation. First, the coupling mechanism is analyzed, and a suitable operation mode for SCUs is selected to ensure the safe operation of the DC system. Then, the linear relationship of active power and output DC current and DC voltage of SCUs is analyzed, and a novel coordinate control strategy for DC wind farms is proposed, where an onshore converter adapts a DC current controller and wind turbines adapt a mediate output voltage control strategy. The mediate output voltage control strategy includes a triple loop with power loop, mediate output voltage loop, and current loop. Also, the DC open line fault, DC grounding fault, and AC grounding fault of the onshore grid are investigated, and a protection strategy is proposed. A 160 MW wind farm with a DR-SCU DC collection system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the validity of the proposed control strategy under unequal wind speeds, DC fault, and onshore AC fault, and the results validate the performance of the proposed strategy.

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Grounding Fault in Series-Connection-Based Offshore Wind Farms: Fault Clearance

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Active Cable Sheath Current-Based Protection Scheme for an Offshore HVAC Wind Transmission System

Control Strategy for Offshore Wind Farms with DC Collection System Based on Series-Connected Diode Rectifier

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