“…Groundwater seepage on the bends of river meanders has been previously reported by several authors (eg. Eekhout, Hoitink, & Makaske, 2013;Hinkle, Morgan, Orzol, & Polette, 2007;Linderfelt & Turner, 2001;Winter, Harvey, Franke, & Alley, 1998), and is generally cited as the result of two linked processes. First, erosion at meander cutbanks causes lateral channel migration and steepening of the immediate valley wall.…”