1984
DOI: 10.1126/science.225.4665.925
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Ground Water Redox Reactions: An Analysis of Equilibrium State Applied to Eh Measurements and Geochemical Modeling

Abstract: Computer modeling of 611 high-quality analyses of normal ground waters from diverse geographic areas reveals that aqueous oxidation-reduction reactions are generally not at equilibrium. Multiple redox couples present in individual samples yield computed Nernstian Eh (redox potential) values spanning as much as 1000 millivolts. The computed Eh values do not agree with each other, nor do they agree with the single "master" value measured in the field with a platinum electrode. Because of internal disequilibrium,… Show more

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Cited by 393 publications
(187 citation statements)
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“…However, the two values agreed within ±50 mV. This difference is smaller than results from previous studies comparing calculated and measured Eh values (Lindberg and Runnells 1984;Stefánsson et al 2005).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 72%
“…However, the two values agreed within ±50 mV. This difference is smaller than results from previous studies comparing calculated and measured Eh values (Lindberg and Runnells 1984;Stefánsson et al 2005).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 72%
“…Usually the ORP value is used to evaluate the redox potential (Lindberg and Runnells 1984). Figure 4 shows a geological cross-section with parameters in line with the flow path.…”
Section: Major Ionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been shown by Lindberg and Runnells (1984) and by Runnells and Lindberg (1990) that speciation of aqueous phase Se can not be used quantitatively to characterize equilibrium redox conditions. Nevertheless, time-trends in Se(IV)/xSe in pore waters can indicate whether solutions are becoming more reducing or more oxidizing.…”
Section: Site P9c Deeper Profile Soluble Selenium Concentrationsmentioning
confidence: 99%