Ground water arsenic contamination: A local survey in India

Trivedi

Chauhan

et al. 2021

JPRI

Self Cite

There is high incidence of cervical cancer in Bihar, India. Vaccination for cervical cancer in developed countries has played a crucial role in limiting the incidence rate of cervical cancer worldwide. In consideration of debate on clinical efficacy of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine in India, study on the prevalence of high risk HPV 16/18 strains in different regions of the nation becomes very crucial. Few individual states have started vaccination but centralised vaccination program does not exist due to lack of sufficient genotypic study of Human Papilloma Virus in different parts of India. Bihar is the third most populous state of India and HPV 16/18 distribution has not been reported yet. The nationwide data of HPV 16/18will help to develop a unified centralised vaccination program. We carried out a distribution study of high risk HPV type 16 and 18 in cervical cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital of Bihar, India.HPV 16/18 types were analysed in cervical cancer tissues (n = 96) of patients attending the regional cancer hospital of Bihar. Tissue samples were analysed for HPV 16 and HPV 18 using a Real Time PCR technique. The results suggest very high prevalence of HPV 16/18. HPV was identified in all the samples (96/96). About, 74 (77.08%) samples presented with HPV 16 whereas, 16 (16.67%) of the samples presented with HPV 18. 6 Co-infection was presented in 6 (6.25%) of the samples of cervical cancer tissues. HPV 16/18 prevalence is more in the women aged between 41 to 61 years.We report 100% prevalence of HPV16/18 in the cervical cancer tissue samples. A way to minimise this gynaecological concern would be to introduce prophylactic vaccines and early screening in the state of Bihar. The data generated would be crucial in drafting for community screening of HPV. We strongly emphasize the prophylactic HPV Vaccination against HPV 16 to control the alarming rate of cervical cancer in one of the most populous state of India, Bihar.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papilloma Virus Types 16/18 Distribution in Invasive Cervical Cancer: An Evidence for Vaccination in Bihar, India

Trivedi

Chauhan

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

“…Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License metal alloys and others have been found to contribute to elevated level of arsenic in the environment (Jang et al, 2016;Vimercati et al, 2017). Prevalence and elevated level of arsenic in groundwater have also been reported in groundwater in India where significant correlation between arsenic contamination in groundwater with depth and distance from river Ganga was found (Kumar et al, 2016). Similar detection of high level of arsenic in groundwater and the health effects in Bangladesh was also reported (Islam et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Distribution and level of arsenic in selected environmental indicators

Awofolu¹

2018

In this study, total arsenic was determined in soil, common grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), plant leaf (Dogwood; Cornus florida) and an invertebrate (Stag beetle; Rhinotia hemistictus). This was with a view of investigating its distribution and level in the environment. Samples were randomly collected from stratified sections of the study area, processed and analysed using validated acid extraction technique. Detection of arsenic was by use of ICP-OES. Percentage recovery range of 78-92% was obtained and can be adjudged acceptable for application. Overall mean concentration of arsenic ranged from 0.35 ± 0.12 to 2.52 ± 1.85 mg kg-1 ; 0.01 ± 0.03 to 0.34 mg kg-1 ; 0.02 ± 0.03 to 0.46 mg kg-1 and 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.72 ± 0.54 mg kg-1 across sampling sections 1 to 4 for soil, grass, leaf and insect samples respectively. Arsenic was detected in all samples, however levels obtained were below prescribed toxicity limits. Samples were highly contaminated based on contamination factors of > 6. The strong correlation coefficients (> 0.9) showed association between arsenic and analysed samples while analysis of variance revealed no statistical significant difference between arsenic and samples. The study revealed widespread distribution of arsenic in analysed samples which portend serious health implications across the food chain.

“…Before 1980s, the open well water as ground water source were considered safe for drinking water but in recent years, due to increased anthropogenic activities and geogenic reasons, the arsenic contamination in the Gangetic plains has increased many folds. Out of 38 districts of the state of Bihar, 18 districts have been reported high arsenic contamination in groundwater 12 . It is estimated that more than 10 million people in Bihar are drinking water with arsenic concentration greater than the WHO/BIS permissible limit of 10 μg/L 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic exposure in Indo Gangetic plains of Bihar causing increased cancer risk

Ali

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

Reportedly, 300 million people worldwide are affected by the consumption of arsenic contaminated groundwater. India prominently figures amongst them and the state of Bihar has shown an upsurge in cases affected by arsenic poisoning. Escalated arsenic content in blood, leaves 1 in every 100 human being highly vulnerable to being affected by the disease. Uncontrolled intake may lead to skin, kidney, liver, bladder, or lung related cancer but even indirect forms of cancer are showing up on a regular basis with abnormal arsenic levels as the probable cause. But despite the apparent relation, the etiology has not been understood clearly. Blood samples of 2000 confirmed cancer patients were collected from pathology department of our institute. For cross-sectional design, 200 blood samples of subjects free from cancer from arsenic free pockets of Patna urban agglomeration, were collected. Blood arsenic levels in carcinoma patients as compared to sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemia were found to be higher. The geospatial map correlates the blood arsenic with cancer types and the demographic area of Gangetic plains. Most of the cancer patients with high blood arsenic concentration were from the districts near the river Ganges. The raised blood arsenic concentration in the 2000 cancer patients strongly correlates the relationship of arsenic with cancer especially the carcinoma type which is more vulnerable. The average arsenic concentration in blood of the cancer patients in the Gangetic plains denotes the significant role of arsenic which is present in endemic proportions. Thus, the study significantly correlates and advocates a strong relation of the deleterious element with the disease. It also underlines the need to address the problem by deciphering the root cause of the elevated cancer incidences in the Gangetic basin of Bihar and its association with arsenic poisoning.