Ground water and the rural homeowner

Waller, Roger M.

doi:10.3133/7000054

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Igneous rocks, plant and animal debris are the natural sources of nitrate to water (Chattopadhyay et al 2005). Anthropogenic sources include seepage from septic tanks, the application of sewage and sludge to the land (Waller 1988). The seasonal average of NO 3 concentration of the open well samples was 4.43 mg/L, 1.51 mg/L and 1.49 mg/L, and for the river water samples, it was 0.94 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L and 0.35 mg/L during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of water quality of Thuthapuzha Sub-basin of Bharathapuzha, Kerala, India

Manjula

Warrier

2019

Appl Water Sci

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Hydrochemical investigation of open well and river water samples of Thuthapuzha Sub-basin of Bharathapuzha, Kerala, was carried out to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the physico-chemical parameters. The suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes and the processes controlling the water chemistry were also assessed. The study area experiences a humid tropical climate and heavy rainfall of ~ 3830 mm/year. Thirty-five open well and nine river water samples were collected during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The chemical properties of the river water samples were dominated by alkaline earths and weak acids (CaHCO 3 type). Even though majority of the open well samples belonged to CaHCO 3 type, few samples belonged to NaCl, mixed CaMgCl and mixed CaNaHCO 3 water type. The groundwater and river water chemistry of the region was influenced by the chemistry of the host rock rather than precipitation and evaporation. Except pH and the total iron concentration, all other physico-chemical parameters of the open well samples of the study area were within the acceptable limit of drinking purposes. The physico-chemical parameters of the entire river water samples were within the acceptable limit for drinking purpose. The entire open well and river water samples were suitable for irrigation purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of water quality of Thuthapuzha Sub-basin of Bharathapuzha, Kerala, India

Manjula

Warrier

2019

Appl Water Sci

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“…The wells at the highest location will generally have the safer water supply. The wells furthest downslope would receive the combined effluent from the other houses, industries as well as from agricultural fields, because the liquid effluent follows the same path as the surface runoff or snowmelt and hence contaminates water more toward downside slopes (Waller 2001). The high rainfall and associated runoff in monsoon facilitate the movement of contaminants and affect the post-monsoon season water quality.…”

Section: Lulc-and Gis-based Assessment Of Groundwater Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling groundwater quality over a humid subtropical region using numerical indices, earth observation datasets, and X-ray diffraction technique: a case study of Allahabad district, India

Singh

Srivastava

Singh

et al. 2014

Environ Geochem Health

144

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Water is undoubtedly the vital commodity for all living creatures and required for well-being of the human society. The present work is based on the surveys and chemical analyses performed on the collected groundwater samples in a part of the Ganga basin in order to understand the sources and evolution of the water quality in the region. The two standard indices such as water quality index and synthetic pollution index for the classification of water in the region are computed. The soil and sediment analysis are carried out with the help of X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for the identification of possible source of ions in water from rock and soil weathering. The dominant minerals which include quartz, muscovite, plagioclase, and orthoclase are reported in the area. The study further utilizes the multivariate statistical techniques for handling large and complex datasets in order to get better information about the groundwater quality. The following statistical methods such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied to handle the large datasets and to understand the latent structure of the data. Through FA/PCAs, we have identified a total of 3 factors in pre-monsoon and 4 factors in post-monsoon season, which are responsible for the whole data structure. These factors explain 77.62 and 82.39% of the total variance of the pre- and post-monsoon datasets. On the other hand, CA depicted the regions that have similar pollutants origin. The average value of synthetic pollution index of groundwater during pre-monsoon is 9.27, while during post-monsoon, it has been recorded as 8.74. On the other hand, the average values of water quality index of groundwater during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons are found as 217.59 and 233.02, respectively. The study indicates that there occurs an extensive urbanization with gradual vast development of various small- and large-scale industries, which is responsible for degradation in water quality. The overall analysis reveals that the agricultural runoff, waste disposal, leaching, and irrigation with wastewater are the main causes of groundwater pollution followed by some degree of pollution from geogenic sources such as rock and soil weathering, confirmed through XRD analysis.

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“…Nationally the most common threats to ground water quality are underground storage tanks, agricultural activity, municipal landfills, and surface impoundments (Fetter, 1993). However, in rural America the prevalent ground water contaminants for residential wells include: septic system effluent, barnyard runoff, pesticides and fertilizers, salt, methane gas, and oil spills (Waller, 1994). Septic systems are commonplace in rural areas.…”

Section: Sources Of Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common septic pollutants include elevated concentrations of chloride, sulfate, ammonia, nitrate-nitrite as N, organic nitrogen, total phosphate, fecal coliform bacteria, fecal streptococci bacteria, and total organic carbon (Hanchar, 1991). Other septic contaminants might include numerous household chemicals like bleach, ammonia, detergents, and other toxic materials (Waller, 1994).…”

Section: Sources Of Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of local groundwater pollution in northeastern Pennsylvania: Marcellus flowback or not?

et al. 2015

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Using graphical and statistical methods, geochemical data from 21 allegedly contaminated ground water wells in northeastern Pennsylvania were compared with data from historical ground water, Marcellus flow-back fluid, and other contaminated waters. The graphical methods included box and whisker plots, Piper diagrams, Stiff diagrams, and Cl/Br vs. Cl cross-plots. The statistical methods included summary statistics, analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis. The geochemical data collected for this study included the following major ions, trace metals, nutrients, and physical properties: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), chloride (Cl), bromide (Br), sulfate (SO 4), arsenic (As), nitrate-nitrite as N, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The graphical and statistical results show that none of the 2012-2013 ground water wells were detectably impacted by flow-back fluids. Instead, the results show that at least one well is contaminated with animal waste or septic effluent. Discriminant analysis of the 2012-2013 ground water samples supports this observation. The remaining wells are geochemically similar to historical ground water wells both graphically and statistically. These findings suggest that the major and trace element geochemistry of northeastern Pennsylvania ground water has not been detectably influenced by flow-back fluid spills at these 21 sites.

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Ground water and the rural homeowner

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of water quality of Thuthapuzha Sub-basin of Bharathapuzha, Kerala, India

Evaluation of water quality of Thuthapuzha Sub-basin of Bharathapuzha, Kerala, India

Modeling groundwater quality over a humid subtropical region using numerical indices, earth observation datasets, and X-ray diffraction technique: a case study of Allahabad district, India

Identification of local groundwater pollution in northeastern Pennsylvania: Marcellus flowback or not?

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