Ground water and geology of Marquette County, Michigan

Doonan, C.J.; Alstine, J. L. Van

doi:10.3133/ofr82501

Cited by 3 publications

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“…- -Doonan, C. J., and Van Alstine, J. L., 1982, Ground water and geology of Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-501.…”

Section: F501mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-water data for Michigan 1983

Huffman¹

1984

Open-File Report

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Water levels, locations, depths, and aquifers tapped are given for 115 observation wells. Tabulated data include extremes of water levels for 1983 and for the period of record, pumpage of most major groundwater users in the State, and quality data on selected wells. The largest reported user of groundwater , the city of Lansing, pumped 8.1 billion gallons from the Saginaw Formation and glacial deposits. INTRODUCTION-Purpose and Scope This report makes available, through 1983, the records of water levels and related data for the principal aquifers of the State. It is written for municipalities, industries, institutions, consultants, drillers, hydrologists and other people interested in groundwater resources. Data on yield of wells, pumpage, quality of water, and trends of groundwater levels for the past 5 years are shown in the text. Many hydrographs are included to illustrate changes in water levels. Records of water levels in observation wells and records of pumpage by most major groundwater users, are given in tables 1 and 2. Distribution of observation wells is shown in figure 1. Location of wells sampled for water-quality data and years sampled are shown in figure 2. No water-quality data was obtained during 1983. Use of Data The quantity of water available from an aquifer can be determined by analysis of records of water levels and pumpage. Water-level records showing long-term effects of pumping can be used by municipalities, industries, and institutions to estimate the capacity of aquifers to meet present and future demands for water and to determine whether expansion of present supply systems for ground water is practicable. In an area where the water level is declining because of pumping, projection of future water levels indicates the depth below which well intakes should be installed. Allowing for lower water levels can extend the life of the installation. Normally, the water table fluctuates 2 to 3 feet annually and about 5 feet over a period of years. If an excavation for a basement or septic tank is made when the water table is low, good construction practices would allow for probable higher water levels in the spring. If construction is made after several years of drought, the allowance for rising water levels should be greater. If a site is at all questionable, the depth to the water table can be determined by test borings.

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“…- -Doonan, C. J., and Van Alstine, J. L., 1982, Ground water and geology of Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-501.…”

Section: F501mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-water data for Michigan 1983

Huffman¹

1984

Open-File Report

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“…An evaluation of the geology and hydrology of Marquette County for environmental planning was done by Twenter (1981). Doonan and Van Alstine (1982) studied the water-yielding capacity of rocks in the county.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the weathered upper part of the formation is most permeable. At depth, pore space is often filled with silica cement (Doonan and Van Alstine, 1982). Movement of water in the Trempealeau Formation depends primarily on the size and relation of solution channels.…”

Section: Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan

Grannemann¹

1984

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Sands Plain, a 225-square mile area, is near the Marquette iron-mining district in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Gribben Basin, a settling basin for disposal of waste rock particles from iron-ore concentration, is in the western part. Because Sands Plain is near iron-ore deposits, but not underlain by them, parts of the area are being considered as sites for additional tailings basins. Glacial deposits, as much as 500 feet thick, comprise the principal aquifer. Most ground water flows through the glacial deposits and discharges in a series of nearly parallel tributaries to the Chocolay River which flows into Lake Superior. Ninety-five percent of the discharge of these streams is groundwater runoff. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation at an average rate of 15 inches per year and by streamflow losses from the upper reaches of Goose Lake Outlet at an average rate of 2 inches per year. Precipitation collected at two sites had mean pH values of 4.0; rates of deposition of sulfate and total dissolved nitrogen were estimated to be 17.4 and 5.8 pounds per acre per year, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from streams ranged from 82 to 143 milligrams per liter; sulfate ranged from 4.2 to 10 milligrams per liter. Calcium and bicarbonate were the principal dissolved substances. Highest dissolved-solids concentrations in water from wells in glacial deposits were found in a major buried valley east of Goose Lake Outlet. These concentrations ranged from 14 to 246 milligrams per liter; sulfate concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 53 milligrams per liter. Because of the high groundwater component of streamflow, mean concentrations of total nitrogen and trace metals in surface water do not differ significantly from mean concentrations in ground water. A two-dimensional digital model of groundwater flow was used to simulate water levels and groundwater runoff under steady-state and transient conditions Predictive simulations with the steady-state model were made to determine the effects of continued operation of Gribben tailings basin and construction and operation of four hypothetical tailings basins. Operation of Gribben Basin has decreased the average rate of groundwater flow to Goose Lake Outlet by 0.9 to 1.6 cubic feet per second but has increased the average rate of groundwater flow to Warner Creek by about 0.2 cubic foot per second. Continued filling of the tailings basin to its design capacity is expected to cause a slight increase in leakage from the basin to Goose Lake Outlet. Four hypothetical tailings basins, comprising a total of 11 square miles, were simulated by successively adding one more basin to the previous basin configuration. Net groundwater flow to streams was reduced by the simulated basins. The magnitude of these reductions depends on engineering decisions about the method of basin construction and a better understanding of the hydraulic properties of the materials used to seal the basin perimeters. The maximum total reduction in groundwater runoff due to construction and operation of ...

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“…11, T. 48 N., R. 35 W.). This well penetrated 10.3 m of gravel and boulders and 9.8 m of hard-rock ledge (Doonan and Byerlay, 1973). To our knowledge, a geologic description of the bedrock found in the water well is not available.…”

Section: Within the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moraine deposits of till, lake-plain and stream-bench deposits of sand and clay, and outwash deposits of stratified sand and gravel are present (Doonan and Byerlay, 1973).…”

Section: Sand and Gravelmentioning

confidence: 99%