Ground walk training improves functional exercise capacity more than cycle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised trial

Leung, Regina; Alison, Jennifer A.; McKeough, Zoe J.; Peters, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/s1836-9553(10)70040-0

Cited by 71 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, exercising the patients' walking skills might be more effective to the patient than exercising cycling skills that are unlikely to be essential to everyday life. A recent study has even shown that supervised, progressive walking training resulted in a significantly larger increase in endurance walking capacity compared to supervised, progressive stationary cycle training [34]. Similar effects were found on peak walking and cycling capacity, endurance cycling capacity and health-related quality of life.…”

Section: Cycle-based Versus Walking-based Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…reference point that was used in several studies [34,35] was to set the walking speed at ,80% of peak V9O 2 , which was achieved in a shuttle walking test. To avoid the complex and time consuming procedure of a ergospirometry during the shuttle walk test, peak V9O 2 can be approximately derived by the following equation: peak V9O 2 mL?min -1 ?kg -1 5 4.19+0.0256ISWT distance [36].…”

Section: Table 3 Practical Indications For Considering the Use Of An mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD

Gloeckl

Marinov

Pitta

2013

European Respiratory Review

219

131

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The aim of this article was to provide practical recommendations to healthcare professionals interested in offering a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The latest research findings were brought together and translated into clinical practice. These recommendations focus on the description of useful assessment tests and of the most common exercise modalities for patients with COPD. We provide specific details on the rationale of why and especially how to implement exercise training in patients with COPD, including the prescription of training mode, intensity and duration, as well as suggestions of guidelines for training progression.

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Section: Cycle-based Versus Walking-based Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Table 3 Practical Indications For Considering the Use Of An mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD

Gloeckl

Marinov

Pitta

2013

European Respiratory Review

219

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Responsiveness of the ISWT Three studies were explicitly designed to evaluate the responsiveness to treatment of the ISWT, following bronchodilation [206], ambulatory oxygen therapy [219] or pulmonary rehabilitation [232]. Characteristics of the included studies can be seen in table S32.…”

Section: Measurements and Reporting For Iswtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies were specifically designed to examine the responsiveness of the ESWT to bronchodilation [105][106][107], oxygen therapy [219,233] and pulmonary rehabilitation [232,234]. The responsiveness of the ESWT was moderate to high, with standardised response means (mean change/standard deviation of change) ranging from 0.52 to 1.27.…”

Section: Responsiveness Of the Eswtmentioning

confidence: 99%

An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease

Singh¹,

Puhan²,

et al. 2014

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This systematic review examined the measurement properties of the 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) in adults with chronic respiratory disease.Studies that report the evaluation or use of the 6MWT, ISWT or ESWT were included. We searched electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and September 2013.The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) is a reliable measure (intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.82 to 0.99 in seven studies). There is a learning effect, with greater distance walked on the second test (pooled mean improvement of 26 m in 13 studies). Reliability was similar for ISWT and ESWT, with a learning effect also evident for ISWT (pooled mean improvement of 20 m in six studies). The 6MWD correlates more strongly with peak work capacity (r50.59-0.93) and physical activity (r50.40-0.85) than with respiratory function (r50.10-0.59). Methodological factors affecting 6MWD include track length, encouragement, supplemental oxygen and walking aids. Supplemental oxygen also affects ISWT and ESWT performance. Responsiveness was moderate to high for all tests, with greater responsiveness to interventions that included exercise training.The findings of this review demonstrate that the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT are robust tests of functional exercise capacity in adults with chronic respiratory disease. OverviewThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the measurement properties for the 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) in adults with chronic respiratory disease. A companion paper describes the standard operating procedures for the tests [1]. The key findings of this systematic review are as follows.1) The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) is a valid and reliable measure of exercise capacity for people with chronic lung disease. The 6MWD correlates more strongly with measures of peak work capacity and physical activity than with respiratory function or quality of life, which supports its conceptualisation as a test of functional exercise performance.2) The ISWT offers a different protocol to the 6MWT as it is incremental and externally paced. The ISWT is a valid and reliable measure of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where there is a strong relationship between ISWT distance and peak oxygen uptake (V9O 2 peak) or work rate on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).3) A learning effect is observed for the 6MWT and the ISWT. The second test usually is the better compared with the first, but this is inconsistent.4) The ESWT is a test of endurance capacity. It is externally paced and is performed along the same course as the ISWT. Two tests do not appear to be necessary if the second test is conducted on the same day.5) Reference equations have been proposed for the 6MWD and the ISWT. Age, height and weight are included in most equations. The influence of race and ethnicity is unclear.6) The safety profile of ...

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“…Secondly, oxygen-dependent individuals were ineligible to participate in this study, and the conclusions should not be uncritically applied to this subset. Thirdly, other exercise modalities which require no exercise apparatus, like Nordic walking and ground walking, have also been shown to improve exercise performance in individuals with COPD [41,42]. Finally, interdisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programmes can address specific issues, such as nutritional modulation, collaborative self-management to promote selfefficacy, advance care planning, and/or smoking cessation, which are not addressed during a course of t'ai chi.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T’ai chi for individuals with COPD: an ancient wisdom for a 21st century disease?

Spruit

Polkey

2013

Eur Respir J

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Even when receiving optimal medical treatment, individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly experience daily symptoms of dyspnoea and fatigue [1,2]. Consequently exercise intolerance may render activities of daily life problematic, leading to a downward spiral in which there is a progressive reduction in physical activity [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Thus, individuals with COPD can end up in a vicious circle of physical deconditioning, including loss of lower limb muscle mass and strength, loss of balance and osteoporosis [8][9][10][11].In the past 20 years, pulmonary rehabilitation has become an integrated part of the management of individuals with moderate to very severe COPD [12,13]. Pulmonary rehabilitation, defined as an evidence-based, multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and often have decreased daily life activities, is designed to reduce symptoms, optimise functional status and increase participation in activities of daily living [14]. Pulmonary rehabilitation, which usually involves an initial assessment, exercise training, education and behaviour change, is safe and effective in individuals with COPD [14][15][16]. Indeed, improvements in health-related quality of life, functional mobility and lower limb muscle function have been reported [17]. Exercise training is the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation and mostly consists of aerobic exercises (stationary cycling, treadmill walking and/or ground walking) in combination with muscle strengthening exercises (resistance training and/or transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation) [14,15,18,19].T'ai chi is a traditional Chinese form of conditioning exercise derived from martial arts. When practised correctly, t'ai chi is thought to strengthen the body's vital energy and enhance the passage of this energy throughout the body to confer its healthpromoting effects. T'ai chi has spread worldwide as improvements in physical and emotional functioning have frequently been reported in older adults [20] [25] present new insights into the effects of Sun-style t'ai chi in individuals with COPD. 42 individuals with COPD were randomly assigned to a usual care control group or a twice weekly supervised Sun-style t'ai chi training in combination with an unsupervised, home-based t'ai chi training programme (including a t'ai chi training booklet and DVD) on the remaining 5 days a week (30 min per day) for a total duration of 12 weeks. Improvements in lower limb muscle function, balance, functional exercise performance, health-related quality of life and mood status following Sun-style t'ai chi were significantly better compared to the usual care control group. Indeed, the mean differences between groups in changes in incremental shuttle walk distance, endurance shuttle walk time, and health-related quality of life questionnaire scores exceeded the minimal important difference of 47.5 m, 186 s or 0.5 points per question, respectively [26][27][28]. Interestingly, indiv...

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Ground walk training improves functional exercise capacity more than cycle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised trial

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD

Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD

An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease

T’ai chi for individuals with COPD: an ancient wisdom for a 21st century disease?

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