Ground Tyre Rubber/Waste Polypropylene Blends – Effect of Composition on Mechanical Properties

Egodage, SM; Harper, J. F.; Walpalage, S

doi:10.1177/147776060902500402

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this case, the highest recorded tensile stress of the compound with 70% GTR content was over 12 MPa. The Rm results of the PP/GTR90 were close to the tensile strength results by Egodage [ 30 ] for samples made by compression molding, despite the fact that in the research, PP waste was used as the matrix for the compounds, with different properties compared to the random copolymer. Therefore, it can be concluded that with a high filling degree of the compound, the Rm value is determined primarily by the GTR properties.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The PP/GTR90 was characterized by the value of the volume-melt flow rate equal to only 0.5 cm 3 /10 min, which was due to only 10% of the mass of the plasticized phase in the tested material. Edogage [ 30 ] also recorded the decrease in the melt flow index value due to the increase in GTR content in homo-polypropylene. However, these tests were performed under standard conditions for PP (230 °C, 2.16 kg), and PP had a clearly lower MFI than the matrix used in the present research work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A GTR content of 80 wt.% was achieved using injection molding. Higher content of the rubber fraction (90 wt.%) in the PP/GTR compounds was obtained using compression molding [ 30 ]. In injection molding or compression molding, the maximum process temperature should not exceed 200 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled PP/GTR Compounds

et al. 2022

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Ground rubber from automobile tires is very difficult to recycle due to the cross-linking of the macromolecules and thus the lack of thermoplastic properties. The research consisted of assessing the processing possibility via the injection of highly filled PP/GTR compounds modified with 1.5 wt.% 2.5-dimethyl-2.5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane. GTR dosing ranged from 30 wt.% up to 90 wt.%. The evaluation of the processing properties of the obtained materials was carried out on the basis of the melt flow index test results and the signals recorded during processing by the injection molding by temperature and pressure sensors placed in the mold. The influence of the applied modifier on the changes in the mechanical properties of PP/GTR was determined with hardness, impact and static tensile tests. Moreover, thermal properties were obtained by the differential scanning calorimetry method. It has been found that it is possible to efficiently process compounds with high GTR content using injection molding. The presence of the filler allows to significantly reduce the cooling time in the injection mold and thus the time of the production cycle. It has been confirmed that 2.5-dimethyl-2.5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane modifies the rheological properties of PP and thus the PP/GTR composition. The lower viscosity of the matrix results in a more accurate bonding with the developed surface of the GTR grains, which results in better mechanical properties of the rubber-filled polypropylene.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled PP/GTR Compounds

et al. 2022

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“…16 The GTR/WPP blends also exhibited a two-phase system with poor cohesive strength in the GTR phase and with poor adhesion between the two phases. 17 It has been shown in many papers [3][4][5]7 that the important factors in rubber toughening of PP are rubber content, rubber particle size, shape and particle size distribution, melt viscosity of the thermoplastic phase, degree of cross-linking in the rubber phase and degree of interfacial adhesion. The optimum particle size for the rubber phase in rubber toughened thermoplastics should be in the region of a micrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the molecular level, both NR and PP and SBR and PP are incompatible, which gives rise to two-phase blends 16. The GTR/WPP blends also exhibited a two-phase system with poor cohesive strength in the GTR phase and with poor adhesion between the two phases 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maleimide curing on mechanical properties of ground tyre rubber/waste polypropylene blends

Egodage

Harper

Walpalage

2012

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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Blends of ground tyre rubber and waste polypropylene with a maleimide curing system (50 : 50 blends of ground tyre rubber/waste polypropylene) were prepared in a Haake Rheocord Polylab System, at 180uC and 90 rev min -1 for 5 min. The curing agent and the activator used were N,N9meta-phenylene dimaleimide (HVA-2) and di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene (DTBPIB) respectively. The HVA-2 level varied from 0 to 5 parts per hundred parts (pphp), while the DTBPIB level varied from 0 to 1 pphp. Melt viscosity, tensile strength and elongation at break showed an increase with HVA-2 content, while the impact energy showed an optimum at 3 pphp level. The addition of the DTBPIB increased melt viscosity further and produced a homogeneous phase morphology of the blends. Impact energy improved with the DTBPIB level, while elongation at break and tensile strength showed an optimum at 0?6 pphp. Swelling behaviour and gel/sol from the boiled xylene extractions were studied, and the results obtained were correlated with the impact and tensile properties.

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Transforming vulcanized styrene–butadiene waste into valuable raw material: an opportunity for high-impact polypropylene production

et al. 2023

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The vulcanized residue of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBRr) is a raw material with potential for re-addition in the production chain, adding value and reducing environmental impact. Polypropylene (PP) compounds with SBRr from the footwear industry were produced, adding styrene-(ethylene-butylene)styrene (SEBS) as compatibilizer, with 20% and 30% of styrene (St.). Addition of 30% SBRr did not compromise the processability, since the torque and ow index increased slightly. Signi cant increases in impact strength were achieved for PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -20% St.) and PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -30% St.), with gains of 316% and 248%, related to PP. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore D hardness indicated greater exibility for the PP/SBRr/SEBS, especially in the copolymer with 20% St. The thermal de ection temperature (HDT) indicated that even adding high content of SBRr to PP, the HDT was not severely affected, possibly due to its crosslinked character. PP/SBRr compatibilization with SEBS (20% St.) inhibited the PP crystalline peaks, as veri ed through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Stable morphology was achieved upon 10% of SEBS addition to PP/SBRr, providing proper interfacial adhesion and ne particles, contributing to toughen PP. Acquired results are promising for the rubber recycling, aiming at the production of high-impact polypropylene for containers and furniture accessories applications.vulcanized rubber residues. In this case, the infusible rubber powder disperses within PP matrix, acting as exible ller and promoting toughening. Costa et al.[17] evaluated the potential of waste tire rubber (SBR-styrene-butadiene) as a complementary raw material for the PP/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) system. The PP/EPDM/SBR compounds were prepared using a co-rotating twin screw extruder and specimens were injection molded. SBR addition to PP matrix did not result in an increase in impact strength nor in elongation at break, only a slight reduction in these properties, which is attributed to insu cient adhesion between the two phases.However, high values of impact strength were reached (> 80 J.m − 1 ), for PP/EPDM/SBR with EPDM and SBR contents around 25%. Elastic modulus and tensile strength decreased with increasing concentration of EPDM or SBR, due to increased exibility. EPDM developed improved non-adhesion between two distinct phases (PP and SBRr), leading to improved elongation at break results.Ciro et al. [18] developed PP compounds with recycled rubber (BR), in the range of 10-55% of BR weight, processed using an internal mixer. Rheometry plots displayed slight increase in torque upon BR increasing, suggesting an increase in viscosity. The increase in BR concentration reduced the elastic modulus and tensile strength, especially promoting a severe reduction in these properties at 55% BR. The thermogravimetry (TG) results showed that PP/BR compounds thermal stability decreased upon BR addition, compared to neat PP. DSC scans showed evidence that recycled rubber addition to PP affected the crystalli...

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Ground Tyre Rubber/Waste Polypropylene Blends – Effect of Composition on Mechanical Properties

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled PP/GTR Compounds

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled PP/GTR Compounds

Effect of maleimide curing on mechanical properties of ground tyre rubber/waste polypropylene blends

Transforming vulcanized styrene–butadiene waste into valuable raw material: an opportunity for high-impact polypropylene production

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