Ground State Laser Cooling Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Morigi, Giovanna; Eschner, J.; Keitel, Christoph H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.4458

Cited by 273 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Such resonances can be realized by choosing a suitable dipolar transition, as in sideband cooling. In Raman sideband cooling or EIT cooling, narrow transitions are obtained by coherent two-photon coupling of two stable states [13][14][15][16][17]. One possibility to cool atoms inside a cavity is to perform Raman sideband cooling there, as shown in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate cooling of the motion of a single neutral atom confined by a dipole trap inside a high-finesse optical resonator. Cooling of the vibrational motion results from EIT-like interference in an atomic Λ-type configuration, where one transition is strongly coupled to the cavity mode and the other is driven by an external control laser. Good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is found for the explored parameter ranges. Further we demonstrate EIT-cooling of atoms in the dipole trap in free space, reaching the ground state of axial motion. By means of a direct comparison with the cooling inside the resonator, the role of the cavity becomes evident by an additional cooling resonance. These results pave the way towards a controlled interaction between atomic, photonic and mechanical degrees of freedom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

et al. 2014

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“…Since red-detuned D 2 molasses [10,12,13] is compromised in 40 K due to the inverted hyperfine structure of the 4P 3/2 excited state, we explored in-situ cooling on the 4S 1/2 → 4P 1/2 (D 1 ) transition at 770.1 nm in 40 K. Unlike for D 1 cooling in free space [30][31][32] or in weak traps [33,34] where a Sisyphus mechanism creates a grey molasses [35], we observe that a polarization gradient is not essential for cooling in a deep lattice. Instead, dark-state coherence establishes an EIT window that suppresses carrier scattering, while creating an absorption resonance at the red trap sideband, thereby cooling the tightly bound atoms [27,36]. Multicolor Raman sideband cooling realizes a similar mechanism [37][38][39], and has also been used for the site-resolved imaging of fermionic atoms [24,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Imaging and addressing of individual fermionic atoms in an optical lattice

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate fluorescence microscopy of individual fermionic potassium atoms in a 527-nmperiod optical lattice. Using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) cooling on the 770.1-nm D1 transition of 40 K, we find that atoms remain at individual sites of a 0.3-mK-deep lattice, with a 1/e pinning lifetime of 67(9) s, while scattering ∼ 10 3 photons per second. The plane to be imaged is isolated using microwave spectroscopy in a magnetic field gradient, and can be chosen at any depth within the three-dimensional lattice. With a similar protocol, we also demonstrate patterned selection within a single lattice plane. High resolution images are acquired using a microscope objective with 0.8 numerical aperture, from which we determine the occupation of lattice sites in the imaging plane with 94(2)% fidelity per atom. Imaging with single-atom sensitivity and addressing with single-site accuracy are key steps towards the search for unconventional superfluidity of fermions in optical lattices, the initialization and characterization of transport and non-equilibrium dynamics, and the observation of magnetic domains.Ultracold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice realize an impurity-free analog of electrons in crystalline materials, with full control of parameters such as interaction strength, dimensionality, and tunneling [1,2]. Furthermore, ultracold systems can study many-body physics in scenarios currently inaccessible to materials, such as gauge fields equivalent to thousands of Tesla [3][4][5], interactions at the unitary limit [6], and quantum manybody physics far from equilibrium [7]. With sufficient control and probes, these experiments can be considered analog quantum simulations [8,9]. However, two important tools have been lacking: imaging and addressing fermionic atoms at the single-site and single-atom level [9]. When applied to bosonic atoms, these tools have already been dramatically successful [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].High-resolution imaging and manipulation of ultracold fermions solves several outstanding problems at once. First, in-situ spatial probes directly reveal the order parameter of insulating phases, magnetic domain formation, and other correlations inaccessible in time-of-flight imaging [13,14,19]. Second, an ensemble of density distributions provides a direct measure of entropy [13,14], extending thermometry of lattice fermions [21]. Third, manipulation of atoms with single-site precision can initiate dynamics [15,16], project or remove disorder [14], and selectively remove high entropy atoms to perform in-situ cooling [22,23].This year, five research groups have succeeded in imaging single fermions in an optical lattice: three using Raman sideband cooling [24][25][26] and two using EIT cooling [27], including the results reported in this Article. Our approach is distinguished by a unique imaging configuration, and takes a further step by implementing threedimensional spatial addressing, which is used here for selective removal of atoms from the lattice. Figure 1 ill...

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“…Both the two-level and Raman sideband cooling schemes should fulfill the requirement that the linewidth of the internal transition and the Rabi frequencies of lasers are much smaller than the trap frequency, which makes the cooling process be finished on a long time scale. The EIT cooling scheme [20][21][22] is realized in the Λ-shaped arrangement of atomic levels by exploiting quantum interference, which removes the restrictions on the linewidth and eliminates the carrier transition to improve cooling performance. It is challenging to realize the exact calibration of laser intensity and the high intensities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sideband cooling scheme also works on some other dissipative two-level systems such as superconducting qubits [8][9][10][11], nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond [12] and quantum dots [13][14][15][16]. Thereafter Raman sideband cooling [17][18][19] and electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) cooling schemes [20,21] are proposed to realize the cooling for the three-level atoms and ions. Both the two-level and Raman sideband cooling schemes should fulfill the requirement that the linewidth of the internal transition and the Rabi frequencies of lasers are much smaller than the trap frequency, which makes the cooling process be finished on a long time scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideband cooling of atoms with the help of an auxiliary transition

Zhen

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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We propose a cooling scheme for the V-type three-level atom tightly confined in a harmonic trap. Two excited levels are coupled to the ground state by a quadrupole transition with small dissipation rate and a dipole transition with large dissipation rate respectively. The quadrupole transition is strongly driven by a runningwave laser 1, which acts as the cooling channel in the Lamb-Dicke regime. The dipole one is weakly driven by another running-wave laser 2 as the auxiliary transition. The ground-state cooling with large rate can be achieved through the appropriate choice of the Rabi frequency of laser 1 and the detuning of the auxiliary transition.

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Ground State Laser Cooling Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Cited by 273 publications

References 37 publications

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

Imaging and addressing of individual fermionic atoms in an optical lattice

Sideband cooling of atoms with the help of an auxiliary transition

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