Ground-state cooling of mechanical motion in the unresolved sideband regime by use of optomechanically induced transparency

Ojanen, Teemu; Børkje, Kjetil

doi:10.1103/physreva.90.013824

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Proposals to cool below this limit include pulsed cooling schemes [13,14], dissipative coupling [15], optomechanically-induced transparency [16], and nonlinear interactions [17,18]. For atomic laser cooling, it has been proposed [19][20][21] (in units of phonons) established by squeezed light for various cavity linewidths, κ, and drive detunings, ∆, normalized to the mechanical resonance frequency, Ω.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light

Clark

Lecocq

Simmonds

et al. 2017

Nature

257

205

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Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable physical effects such as Casimir forces and the Lamb shift [1]. Similarly, these fluctuations also impose an observable quantum limit to the lowest temperatures that can be reached with conventional laser cooling techniques [2,3]. As laser cooling experiments continue to bring massive mechanical systems to unprecedented temperatures [4,5], this quantum limit takes on increasingly greater practical importance in the laboratory [6]. Fortunately, vacuum fluctuations are not immutable, and can be "squeezed" through the generation of entangled photon pairs. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate that squeezed light can be used to sideband cool the motion of a macroscopic mechanical object below the quantum limit. To do so, we first cool a microwave cavity optomechanical system with a coherent state of light to within 15% of this limit. We then cool by more than 2 dB below the quantum limit using a squeezed microwave field generated by a Josephson Parametric Amplifier (JPA). From heterodyne spectroscopy of the mechanical sidebands, we measure a minimum thermal occupancy of 0.19 ± 0.01 phonons. With this novel technique, even low frequency mechanical oscillators can in principle be cooled arbitrarily close to the motional ground state, enabling the exploration of quantum physics in larger, more massive systems.Rapid progress in the control and measurement of massive mechanical oscillators has enabled tests of fundamental physics, as well as applications in sensing and quantum information processing [7]. The noise performance of these experiments, however, is often limited by thermal motion of the mechanical mode. Although the most sophisticated refrigeration technologies can be sufficient for cooling high frequency mechanical structures to the ground state [8,9], observing quantum behavior in lower frequency mechanical systems requires other cooling methods. Recent efforts using active quantum feedback have been remarkably successful in preparing motional states with low entropies [10]. Thus far, however, only laser cooling techniques similar to those that revolutionized the coherent control of atomic systems [11,12] have yielded thermal occupancies below one quantum [4][5][6]. Nevertheless, vacuum fluctuations impose a lowest possible temperature that can be achieved using these techniques [2,3]. This limit is now being encountered in state of the art experiments involving macroscopic oscillators [6].The concept of sideband cooling relies on the removal of mechanical energy by scattering incident drive photons to higher frequencies. In general, however, this photon up-conversion (anti-Stokes) process competes with a downconversion (Stokes) process that adds energy to the mechanical system. In cavity optomechanics [7], a light-matter interaction arises due to a parametric modulation of an optical cavity's resonance frequency with a mechanical oscillator's position. When the cavity is driven at detuning ∆ below its resonance frequency, the dif...

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confidence: 99%

Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light

Clark

Lecocq

Simmonds

et al. 2017

Nature

257

205

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“…Jing et al [151] studied OMIT in a parity-time symmetric microcavity with a tunable gain-to-loss ratio. Schemes for ground-state cooling of mechanical resonators using the EIT interference have also been proposed [152][153][154][155][156][157].…”

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically induced transparency in optical microcavities

2017

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)is a quantum interference effect arising from different transition pathways of optical fields. Within the transparency window, both absorption and dispersion properties strongly change, which results in extensive applications such as slow light and optical storage. Due to the ultrahigh quality factors, massive production on a chip and convenient all-optical control, optical microcavities provide an ideal platform for realizing EIT. Here we review the principle and recent development of EIT in optical microcavities. We focus on the following three situations. First, for a coupled-cavity system, all-optical EIT appears when the optical modes in different cavities couple to each other. Second, in a single microcavity, all-optical EIT is created when interference happens between two optical modes. Moreover, the mechanical oscillation of the microcavity leads to optomechanically induced transparency. Then the applications of EIT effect in microcavity systems are discussed, including light delay and storage, sensing, and field enhancement. A summary is then given in the final part of the paper.

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“…The ancillary oscillator plays a role similar to those of the ancillary cavities or ground-state atoms in the alternative schemes. Next, we compare our scheme more closely with the OMIT scheme [33,34], which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency. The OMIT scheme uses an ancillary oscillator that is dispersively coupled to the cavity mode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a solution to the difficult problem of cooling the dispersively coupled oscillator is provided. Note that this approach is not the first reported technique of this kind; however, the existing schemes for ground-state cooling in the unresolved sideband, such as cooling with optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) [33,34], coupled-cavity configurations [35,36], atom-optomechanical hybrid systems [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and the recently proposed scheme using quantum non-demolition interactions [45], require multiple driving lasers, multiple optical modes, high-quality cavities, and ground-state atom ensembles. Compared with those methods, our proposal offers a simpler option for cases in which dissipative coupling is accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-state cooling of a dispersively coupled optomechanical system in the unresolved sideband regime via a dissipatively coupled oscillator

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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In the optomechanical cooling of a dispersively coupled oscillator, it is only possible to reach the oscillator ground state in the resolved sideband regime, where the cavity-mode line width is smaller than the resonant frequency of the mechanical oscillator being cooled. In this paper, we show that the dispersively coupled system can be cooled to the ground state in the unresolved sideband regime using an ancillary oscillator, which is coupled to the same optical mode via dissipative interaction. The ancillary oscillator has a resonant frequency close to that of the target oscillator; thus, the ancillary oscillator is also in the unresolved sideband regime. We require only a single blue-detuned laser mode to drive the cavity.

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Ground-state cooling of mechanical motion in the unresolved sideband regime by use of optomechanically induced transparency

Cited by 82 publications

References 46 publications

Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light

Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light

Electromagnetically induced transparency in optical microcavities

Ground-state cooling of a dispersively coupled optomechanical system in the unresolved sideband regime via a dissipatively coupled oscillator

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