Ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution during occasional loaded gait

Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi de; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Hipólito; Machado, Leandro; Santos, Rubim; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.10.016

Cited by 51 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For the in-shoe plantar pressure data treatment, first the program divided the foot into 10 regions: hallux, distal phalanges, medial, central, and lateral forefoot, medial and lateral midfoot, and medial, central, and lateral rearfoot, as used in another study (Castro et al, 2013). The program automatically divided the foot, and the regions were checked by two trained researchers, who, if necessary, manually corrected this procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The program calculated the plantar pressure peaks, which were considered the highest pressure sensor value during the third step, and their time of occurrence for each region. We used the vertical GRF to calibrate the plantar pressure data trial by trial, as suggested by Castro et al (2013). All data (GRF and pressure peaks) were showed as absolute and normalized (scaled to BW) values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Shoe Plantar Pressures and Ground Reaction Forces During Overweight Adults' Overground Walking

Castro

Abreu

Sousa

et al. 2014

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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Purpose: Because walking is highly recommended for prevention and treatment of obesity and some of its biomechanical aspects are not clearly understood for overweight people, we compared the absolute and normalized ground reaction forces (GRF), plantar pressures, and temporal parameters of normal-weight and overweight participants during overground walking. Method: A force plate and an in-shoe pressure system were used to record GRF, plantar pressures (foot divided in 10 regions), and temporal parameters of 17 overweight adults and 17 gender-matched normal-weight adults while walking. Results: With high effect sizes, the overweight participants showed higher absolute medial-lateral and vertical GRF and pressure peaks in the central rearfoot, lateral midfoot, and lateral and central forefoot. However, analyzing normalized (scaled to body weight) data, the overweight participants showed lower vertical and anterior-posterior GRF and lower pressure peaks in the medial rearfoot and hallux, but the lateral forefoot peaks continued to be greater compared with normal-weight participants. Time of occurrence of medial-lateral GRF and pressure peaks in the midfoot occurred later in overweight individuals. Conclusions: The overweight participants adapted their gait pattern to minimize the consequences of the higher vertical and propulsive GRF in their musculoskeletal system. However, they were not able to improve their balance as indicated by medial-lateral GRF. The overweight participants showed higher absolute pressure peaks in 4 out of 10 foot regions. Furthermore, the normalized data suggest that the lateral forefoot in overweight adults was loaded more than the proportion of their extra weight, while the hallux and medial rearfoot were seemingly protected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Shoe Plantar Pressures and Ground Reaction Forces During Overweight Adults' Overground Walking

Castro

Abreu

Sousa

et al. 2014

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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“…However, technology has significantly improved since that time, and sensor resolution and software specifications are today able to investigate changes to those plantar pressure areas, which inevitably had to be previously disregarded. Although foot masking in 10 different plantar areas has been previously carried out [21][22][23], this research demonstrates for the first time that both PP and PTI provided repeatable and reproducible data in all 10 masked areas of the foot when using the F-Scan system in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and Reproducibility of the F-Scan System in Healthy Children

Coda¹,

Santos²

2016

J Orth Rhe Sp Med

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This study investigated the repeatability and reproducibility of the F-scan system with regards to Peak Pressure Values (PP) and Pressure Time Integral (PTI) in healthy children, ranging between 5 to 18 years of age. Participants took part in two non-invasive clinical assessments, at baseline and one week later. Standardized footwear was supplied and each child was fitted with the equivalent F-scan insole size. A total of 3 trials of 7 meters distance each were conducted. Plantar pressure analysis was carried out using a novel approach of masking the recordings into 10 different areas; both peak pressure (PP) and pressure time integrals (PTI) values were investigated. The PP and PTI were investigated for the left, right and both feet analysed together. Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test was adopted for statistical analysis. Overall, 30 healthy children were recruited and 60 appointments were completed; 53.3% (n = 16) were female, mean age was 13.3 years (SD = 4.5). Results highlighted that overall the ICC for repeatability was > 0.75 for 95.8% (no = 115) and between 0.5 and 0.75 for 4.2% (no = 5); the ICC for reproducibility was > 0.75 for 85% (no = 51), and between 0.5 and 0.75 for 15% (no = 9). In conclusion, the F-Scan system can be utilised to record repeatable and reproducible data in paediatric gait analysis.

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“…Regarding the in-shoe pressure system data, the program automatically divided the footprint into 10 plantar foot regions, as previously proposed (3) : hallux, distal phalanges, medial, central and lateral forefoot; medial and lateral midfoot; and medial, central and lateral rearfoot. One of the researchers verified this procedure and, eventually, the boundaries between the foot regions were manually corrected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each of the 10 plantar foot regions the program calculated one outcome measure: the plantar pressure peak, which was considered the highest pressure value shown on the sensor during the stance phase when the participant stepped on the force plate. We used the force plate to calibrate the plantar pressure data as previously proposed (3) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gait cadence on plantar pressures and ground reaction forces during obese adults’ walking

Castro¹,

Abreu²,

Sousa³

et al. 2016

RPCD

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To prescribe safer exercise routines for obese people it is important to understand the effects of changing gait cadence on biomechanical gait parameters. The aim of this study was to verify if changes in gait cadence during overground walking affect the ground reaction forces and in-shoe plantar pressures of normal-weight and obese participants differently.As a secondary aim, the ground reaction forces and plantar pressures between normalweight and obese participants were compared during both low and high gait cadences. We assessed ground reaction forces and in-shoe plantar pressures in 10 foot regions during low (70 steps/ minute) and high (120 steps/ minute) gait cadences in 17 obese adults and 17 gender-matched normal-weight participants during walking. Changes in gait cadence similarly affect ground reaction forces (p = .21) and plantar pressures (p = .47) of normal-weight and obese adults. Similar ground reaction force peaks were observed between groups in both gait cadences (p = .59). Statistically significant differences in plantar pressures (p < .001) were found between groups in both gait cadences. In conclusion, higher vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces associated with higher plantar pressure peaks in the rearfoot and toe regions in obese individuals suggest that walking at high gait cadences demands more to the musculoskeletal system compared to low gait cadences.

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Ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution during occasional loaded gait

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

In-Shoe Plantar Pressures and Ground Reaction Forces During Overweight Adults' Overground Walking

In-Shoe Plantar Pressures and Ground Reaction Forces During Overweight Adults' Overground Walking

Repeatability and Reproducibility of the F-Scan System in Healthy Children

Influence of gait cadence on plantar pressures and ground reaction forces during obese adults’ walking

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