Ground Fault Tests on High-Resistance Grounded 13.8-kV Electrical Distribution System of Modern Large Chemical Plant---II

McClung, L.B.; Whittington, Bernard W.

doi:10.1109/tia.1974.349209

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[6] C. The accepted industry standard of Igf = or < 10 A needs to be brought into question based on limited testing in References [7] and [12]. Reference [7] states the following conclusions after conducting ground-fault testing on a 13.8 kV HRNG grounding zone.…”

Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [7] states the following conclusions after conducting ground-fault testing on a 13.8 kV HRNG grounding zone. HRNG should only be applied where the system capacitive charging current is very low such as small distribution systems where the maximum 3ICo currents are in the neighborhood of: System Voltage Maximum 3ICo *Est'd Igf (Eq 1) 13,800 V 5 A 7.4 A 4,160 V 3 A 4.6 A 2, 400 V 1 A 1.8 A (*The estimated column for Igf was added based on Ir slightly greater than 3ICo, i.e.…”

Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ir = 5.5/3.5/1.5A respectively.) Industry standards should include discussions of the system operating voltage limitations for the application of HRNG to medium-voltage systems in light of the test data related to HRNG arcing faults in Reference [7]. Recent, yet to be published, tests on 22 kV systems indicate that due to arcing faults, HRNG should not be considered for the upper end medium-voltage system operating voltages.…”

Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a 10 A arcing fault with an indefinite clearing time can cause severe damage and escalate into a phase fault involving one or both of the unfaulted phases, which would result in the phase protection de-energizing the faulted circuit. [7] Reference [6] indicates concern for the damage attributed to arcing faults in excess of 10 References [7] and [12] describe field tests conducted on a 13.8 kV HRNG grounding zone. The tests prove that arcing faults are sustainable on MV HRNG systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that arc energy levels equal to and greater than 2000 kWC could puncture insulation and could therefore, involve an additional phase [7]. The minimum time necessary to achieve 2000 kWC is of interest when contemplating applying HRNG.Assumptions: Maximum 10 A arcing ground-fault current, Igf, Arcing voltage of 19% of VLN for a 13.8 kV grounding zone Varc = 0.19 x 13800/¥3 =1514 V. Solving for the minimum arcing time, t, to produce 2000 kWC: kWC = Igf x Varc x t/1000, Equation 2 t = kWC x 1000/ (Igf x Varc) t = (2000 kWC x 1000) / (10 A x 1514 V) = 132 cycles or t in seconds = 132 cy / 60 cy/sec = 2.2 sec.With only 2.2 seconds of arcing at the point-of-fault location the ground-fault could begin to escalate to a phase-to-phase fault.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Kingrey

Painter

Locker

2010

2010 Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 57th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)

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The application of high-resistance neutral grounding (HRNG) to medium-voltage systems is one of the least understood and often misapplied methods of system neutral grounding. An HRNG grounded system is the only intentionally grounded neutral grounding method suitable for industrial systems that allows normal operation (no voltage dips, no power surges, no shutdowns, minimal damage) for an indefinite time period after the inception of the most common of all faults, the single-line-to-ground fault. The complexity of applying an HRNG system is due to lesser understood factors such as the relationship between system charging current, neutral grounding resistor let-thru current and point-of-fault ground-fault current; point-of-fault arcing voltage magnitudes; escalating arcing fault phenomena and point-of-fault energy levels, all of which are not easily determined nor easily estimated. This paper addresses the application of HRNG neutral grounding systems on mediumvoltage industrial AC power systems. The seemingly perfect HRNG grounding system, with ground-fault current magnitudes often limited to 10 A or less, has a limited window of application on medium-voltage systems, such that when misapplied may actually place the electrical system backbone components at risk, as well as, trip the system off line due to escalating arcing faults

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Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Issues and Concerns Of Applying Hrng To Medmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Kingrey

Painter

Locker

2010

2010 Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 57th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)

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High-resistance grounding of low-voltage systems: a standard for the petroleum and chemical industry

Nelson¹,

Sen

1999

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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A debate has existed in the petroleum and chemical industry for years concerning low-voltage (480-600 V) power systems grounding. Since reliability and continuity of service are very important, some engineers in the past preferred using an ungrounded system. The practicality of such ungrounded system becomes questionable as the extent of coverage increases. Few ungrounded low-voltage systems are presently being designed due to the possible destructive nature of transient overvoltages resulting from an arcing ground fault. Most systems now utilize either a solidly grounded or high-resistance grounded source. This paper begins with a brief discussion on ungrounded, solidly grounded, and high-resistance grounded systems. Benefits and limitations of each system are also discussed. It is shown that the use of high-resistance grounded low-voltage systems makes good sense in the petrochemical industry. Design, construction, operation, and maintenance factors for such systems are discussed and analyzed together with systems when three-phase four-wire loads are present. Finally, operational problems and some appropriate solutions are discussed where significant variable-speed drive loads are utilized. It is suggested that this should become a standard of the industry and the solidly grounded system should be used only in applications where the high-resistance grounded system becomes impractical.

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Recent trends in reliability of large industrial power systems

Love¹

Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE Colloquium in South America

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Ground Fault Tests on High-Resistance Grounded 13.8-kV Electrical Distribution System of Modern Large Chemical Plant---II

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

High-resistance grounding of low-voltage systems: a standard for the petroleum and chemical industry

Recent trends in reliability of large industrial power systems

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