Ground Depositions and Air Concentrations of Chernobyl Fallout Radionuclides at Munich-Neuherberg

Hötzl, H.; Rosner, G.; Winkler, R.

doi:10.1524/ract.1987.41.4.181

Cited by 103 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In the figure, the vertical profiles are shown for Chernobyl-derived l34 Cs, for ,37 Cs due to weapons fallout ( ,J7 Cs-f), and for stable Cs. The '"Cs-f was calculated using an isotopic ratio of '"Cs/ lw Cs = 1.75 for Chernobyl cesium on 1 May 1986 [ 15]. The profile for ,34 Cs shows a maximum in the Of and Oh layers, being lower in the litter layer and the mineral horizons, as reported in many papers.…”

Section: Vertical Distributions In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Stable elements - as a key to predict radionuclide transport in forest ecosystems

Yoshida¹,

Muramatsu²,

Steiner

et al. 2002

Radioprotection

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Abstract. As the chemical behavior of radiocesium is expected to be almost identical to that of stable Cs, analyses of stable Cs and related stable elements should be useful to understand the long-term behavior of radiocesium and its equilibrium distribution in forest ecosystems. In this study, the concentrations of stable Cs and related alkali and alkaline earth elements in mushrooms, plants and soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Samples were collected in forests with different contamination levels in Japan. Germany, Finland, Italy, Ireland and Belarus. Vertical distributions in soils, and concentrations in mushrooms and plants were summarized for radiocesium and related stable elements. Relationship between radiocesium and stable Cs in mushrooms and plants, and transfer from soil to vegetation were also discussed. The results indicated that the ratio between radiocesium and stable Cs is useful for judging the equilibrium of deposited radiocesium in different parts of a forest ecosystem. The stable Cs analyses might be also useful to predict the long-term radiocesium contamination of mushrooms and plants.

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Section: Vertical Distributions In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Stable elements - as a key to predict radionuclide transport in forest ecosystems

Yoshida¹,

Muramatsu²,

Steiner

et al. 2002

Radioprotection

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“…Therefore, we have recently started to investigate the potential of 239+240 Pu from global fallout (Pu) as a tracer of soil movement in a steep field (inclination 20%) near Scheyern in Bavaria. Plutonium was also deposited by the Chernobyl fallout, but in Germany the amount of this fraction is negligible (<1% of the total inventory, Hötzl et al 1987). In an earlier paper (Schimmack et al 2001), we compared the activity patterns of Cs and Pu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of soil erosion and deposition rates at an agricultural site in Bavaria, Germany, as derived from fallout radiocesium and plutonium as tracers

Schimmack¹,

Auerswald

Bunzl³

2002

Naturwissenschaften

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In the near future, the use of 137Cs from global fallout (Cs) as a tracer for erosion studies will no longer be possible in areas with a substantial deposition of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs. Therefore, we have used (239+240)Pu from global fallout (Pu) as a tracer as well as 137Cs in order to determine long-term soil redistribution rates for an agricultural field (inclination about 20%, area approx. 3 ha) in Scheyern, Bavaria. The mean erosion and deposition rates derived from Cs were -37 and +52 t x ha(-1) x year(-1), respectively; those from Pu were -32 and +39 t x ha(-1) x year(-1). We found no statistical difference between the means obtained by the two tracers. In contrast to Pu, however, the rates obtained by Cs were not accurate enough to assure the presence of a net soil redistribution. Modeling of soil translocation in the field by water and tillage erosion resulted in estimates which were in reasonable agreement with the rates derived from Pu.

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“…For this reason, 134 Cs was also determined in all soil samples. The fraction of Chernobyl-derived 137 Cs from the 137 Cs and 134 Cs measured in the samples can then be obtained for each soil sample by using the ratio of 137 Cs/ 134 Cs=1.75, as observed on 30 April 1986 in the deposition in Bavaria/Germany [3].…”

Section: Soil Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the values of k i for a given radionuclide in a given soil layer, the differential equation system of Eqs. (3)(4) is integrated numerically. The values for k i are varied until the compartment activity matches the observed activity in this compartment.…”

Section: Compartment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of the vertical migration of fallout 137 Cs in the soil of a pasture, and consequences for long-term predictions

Bunzl

Schimmack

Zelles

et al. 2000

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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Various transport models are presently used to predict the long-term migration behaviour of fallout radiocesium on the soil. To examine to what extent the uncertainty of these predictions is influenced by the spatial variability of the migration rates, we determined the depth profiles of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs at 100 plots in a 100 m x 100 m pasture. These data were used to obtain the frequency distributions of the characteristic transport parameters of three widely used transport models (e.g. dispersion-convection model, residence time model, and back-flow model). The results show that these transport parameters are generally log-normally distributed with a coefficient of variation of about 80%. Finally, each transport model was employed to predict the resulting frequency distribution of the 137Cs inventory in the main root layer (0-7 cm) of the pasture, 20, 50, and 100 years after the deposition. If only the spatial variability of the transport parameters is taken into account, this analysis revealed that the dispersion-convection model and the back-flow model always predicted rather similar, but significantly higher median inventories than those obtained with the residence time model. If, in addition, the spatial variability of the amount of 137Cs deposited is also taken into account, the frequency distributions of the 137Cs inventories in the root layer become so wide that differences in the median inventories predicted by the three models become statistically significant only after 100 years. Several statistically significant correlations between the transport parameters of the three models were also detected.

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Ground Depositions and Air Concentrations of Chernobyl Fallout Radionuclides at Munich-Neuherberg

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Stable elements - as a key to predict radionuclide transport in forest ecosystems

Stable elements - as a key to predict radionuclide transport in forest ecosystems

Estimation of soil erosion and deposition rates at an agricultural site in Bavaria, Germany, as derived from fallout radiocesium and plutonium as tracers

Spatial variability of the vertical migration of fallout 137 Cs in the soil of a pasture, and consequences for long-term predictions

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