Ground-based Remote Sensing with Open-path Fourier- transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectroscopy for Large-scale Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases

Schütze, Claudia; Lau, Steffen; Reiche, Nils; Sauer, U.; Borsdorf, Helko; Dietrich, P.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.330

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Early applications of artificial intelligence to mid-IR spectra interpretation also included efforts to generate synthetic spectra of individual compounds. Mid-IR spectra of new compounds were simulated from neural networks trained on three-dimensional molecular descriptors (radial distribution functions) paired with corresponding mid-IR spectra, matched by a similarity (nearest neighbor) search in a structural database, or generated from spectra-structure correlation databases (Dubois et al, 1990;Weigel and Herges, 1996;Baumann and Clerc, 1997;Schuur and Gasteiger, 1997;Selzer et al, 2000;Yao et al, 2001;Gasteiger, 2006). Drawing upon internal or commercial libraries (Barth, 1993), pre-S. Takahama et al: FT-IR spectroscopy for atmospheric PM dictions were made for compounds in the condensed phase with a diverse set of substructures including methanol, amino acids, ring-structured acids, and substituted benzene derivatives.…”

Section: Limits Of Conventional Approaches To Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques have been used to sample urban smog (Pitts et al, 1977;Tuazon et al, 1981;Hanst et al, 1982); smog chambers (Akimoto et al, 1980;Pitts et al, 1984;Ofner, 2011), biomass burning emissions (Hurst et al, 1994;Yokelson et al, 1997;Christian et al, 2004), volcanoes (Oppenheimer and Kyle, 2008), and fugitive gases (Kirchgessner et al, 1993;Russwurm, 1999;U.S. EPA, 1998); emission fluxes (Galle et al, 1994;Griffith and Galle, 2000;Griffith et al, 2002); greenhouse gases (Shao and Griffiths, 2010;Hammer et al, 2013;Schütze et al, 2013;Hase et al, 2015); and isotopic composition (Meier and Notholt, 1996;Flores et al, 2017). For these applications, quantitative analysis has been conducted using various regression algorithms with standard gases or synthetic calibration spectra with absolute accuracies on the order of 1 %-5 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric particulate matter characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a review of statistical calibration strategies for carbonaceous aerosol quantification in US measurement networks

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of many different substances and requires a suite of instruments for chemical characterization. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a technique that can provide quantification of multiple species provided that accurate calibration models can be constructed to interpret the acquired spectra. In this capacity, FT-IR spectroscopy has enjoyed a long history in monitoring gas-phase constituents in the atmosphere and in stack emissions. However, application to PM poses a different set of challenges as the condensed-phase spectrum has broad, overlapping absorption peaks and contributions of scattering to the mid-infrared spectrum. Past approaches have used laboratory standards to build calibration models for prediction of inorganic substances or organic functional groups and predict their concentration in atmospheric PM mixtures by extrapolation. In this work, we review recent studies pursuing an alternate strategy, which is to build statistical calibration models for mid-IR spectra of PM using collocated ambient measurements. Focusing on calibrations with organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) reported from thermal–optical reflectance (TOR), this synthesis serves to consolidate our knowledge for extending FT-IR spectroscopy to provide TOR-equivalent OC and EC measurements to new PM samples when TOR measurements are not available. We summarize methods for model specification, calibration sample selection, and model evaluation for these substances at several sites in two US national monitoring networks: seven sites in the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network for the year 2011 and 10 sites in the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) for the year 2013. We then describe application of the model in an operational context for the IMPROVE network for samples collected in 2013 at six of the same sites as in 2011 and 11 additional sites. In addition to extending the evaluation to samples from a different year and different sites, we describe strategies for error anticipation due to precision and biases from the calibration model to assess model applicability for new spectra a priori. We conclude with a discussion regarding past work and future strategies for recalibration. In addition to targeting numerical accuracy, we encourage model interpretation to facilitate understanding of the underlying structural composition related to operationally defined quantities of TOR OC and EC from the vibrational modes in mid-IR deemed most informative for calibration. The paper is structured such that the life cycle of a statistical calibration model for FT-IR spectroscopy can be envisioned for any substance with IR-active vibrational modes, and more generally for instruments requiring ambient calibrations.

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Section: Limits Of Conventional Approaches To Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric particulate matter characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a review of statistical calibration strategies for carbonaceous aerosol quantification in US measurement networks

et al. 2019

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“…Open path FTIR (see [188, 189] for brief introductions) has been used for several decades in a variety of different applications such as quantification of VOC pollution from manufacturing facilities (e.g., [167, 190, 191]), mapping of NH 3 emissions from agricultural facilities (e.g., [192, 193], measurement of greenhouse gases (e.g., [194, 195]), and quantifying biogenic VOC emissions [196]. These systems typically have 100–1000 m path lengths and achieve an integrated absorption sensitivity of 1–10 × 10 −3 at a resolution of 0.5–1 cm −1 with measurement times on the order of several minutes (limited by the incoherent light sources), longer paths or higher resolution result in reduced sensitivities.…”

Section: Specific Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications [Invited]

et al. 2016

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Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broad-band spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly-used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broad-band spectroscopy.

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“…This is an obvious and sufficient reason for air monitoring to become an essential element in any type of human or industrial activity at the local level [2,3]. Among the various techniques, ground-based infrared (IR) remote-sensing technologies are promising for the large-scale monitoring of atmospheric gas plume detection [4][5][6][7][8]. The potentialities of these technologies have been particularly demonstrated in volcanology [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Real-Time Ground-to-Ground Infrared Remote-Sensing Combination and Inexpensive Visible Camera Observations Applied to Tomographic Stack Emission Measurements

et al. 2018

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Evaluation of the environmental impact of gas plumes from stack emissions at the local level requires precise knowledge of the spatial development of the cloud, its evolution over time, and quantitative analysis of each gaseous component. With extensive developments, remote-sensing ground-based technologies are becoming increasingly relevant to such an application. The difficulty of determining the exact 3-D thickness of the gas plume in real time has meant that the various gas components are mainly expressed using correlation coefficients of gas occurrences and path concentration (ppm.m). This paper focuses on a synchronous and non-expensive multi-angled approach combining three high-resolution visible cameras (GoPro-Hero3) and a scanning infrared (IR) gas system (SIGIS, Bruker). Measurements are performed at a NH 3 emissive industrial site (NOVACARB Society, Laneuveville-devant-Nancy, France). Visible data images were processed by a first geometrical reconstruction gOcad ® protocol to build a 3-D envelope of the gas plume which allows estimation of the plume's thickness corresponding to the 2-D infrared grid measurements. NH 3 concentration data could thereby be expressed in ppm and have been interpolated using a second gOcad ® interpolation algorithm allowing a precise volume visualization of the NH 3 distribution in the flue gas steam.

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Ground-based Remote Sensing with Open-path Fourier- transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectroscopy for Large-scale Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Atmospheric particulate matter characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a review of statistical calibration strategies for carbonaceous aerosol quantification in US measurement networks

Atmospheric particulate matter characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a review of statistical calibration strategies for carbonaceous aerosol quantification in US measurement networks

Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications [Invited]

Near Real-Time Ground-to-Ground Infrared Remote-Sensing Combination and Inexpensive Visible Camera Observations Applied to Tomographic Stack Emission Measurements

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