Ground-based instruments of the PWING project to investigate dynamics of the inner magnetosphere at subauroral latitudes as a part of the ERG-ground coordinated observation network

Abstract

The plasmas (electrons and ions) in the inner magnetosphere have wide energy ranges from electron volts to megaelectron volts (MeV). These plasmas rotate around the Earth longitudinally due to the gradient and curvature of the geomagnetic field and by the co-rotation motion with timescales from several tens of hours to less than 10 min. They interact with plasma waves at frequencies of mHz to kHz mainly in the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere, obtain energies up to MeV, and are lost into the ionosphere. In order to provide the global distribution and quantitative evaluation of the dynamical variation of these plasmas and waves in the inner magnetosphere, the PWING project (study of dynamical variation of particles and waves in the inner magnetosphere using ground-based network observations, http://www.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/dimr/PWING/) has been carried out since April 2016. This paper describes the stations and instrumentation of the PWING project. We operate all-sky airglow/aurora imagers, 64-Hz sampling induction magnetometers, 40-kHz sampling loop antennas, and 64-Hz sampling riometers at eight stations at subauroral latitudes (~ 60° geomagnetic latitude) in the northern hemisphere, as well as 100-Hz sampling EMCCD cameras at three stations. These stations are distributed longitudinally in Canada, Iceland, Finland, Russia, and Alaska to obtain the longitudinal distribution of plasmas and waves in the inner magnetosphere. This PWING longitudinal network has been developed as a part of the ERG (Arase)-ground coordinated observation network. The ERG (Arase) satellite was launched on December 20, 2016, and has been in full operation since March 2017. We will combine these ground network observations with the ERG (Arase) satellite and global modeling studies. These comprehensive datasets will © The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Microscopic Observations of Pulsating Aurora Associated With Chorus Element Structures: Coordinated Arase Satellite‐PWING Observations

“…The coordinated observations by the Arase satellite and the ground-based PWING observation network have allowed more complete study of the origin of intensity modulations less than 1 s in pulsating auroras, which has been an open issue in auroral physics since the 1970s (Royrvik & Davis, 1977). Matsuda et al, 2018;Ozaki et al, 2018) and for aurora at 1/100 s (Shiokawa et al, 2017); see Texts S1 and S2 in the supporting information. Our sampling is for waves at 1/65,536 s (Y.…”

The ERG Science Center

“…The plasma wave experiment (PWE)/waveform capture (WFC) (Kasahara et al 2018b;Matsuda et al 2018) and Software-type wave -particle interaction analyzer (S-WPIA) (Katoh et al 2017;Hikishima et al 2018) have intermittently performed waveform observations along a satellite orbit. Waveform data of plasma waves are important for studying wave-particle interactions through detailed comparisons with the groundbased optical and wave observations (Shiokawa et al 2017). The waveform data would accumulate more than 6 GB if always recorded along a satellite orbit.…”

“…The ERG project, therefore, includes both satellite and groundbased observation teams. Ground-based observations are obtained from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-frequency (HF) radars, European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) radar, magnetometers, very low-frequency (VLF)/ELF (extremely low-frequency) loop antennas, riometers, VLF/low-frequency (LF) radio wave receivers, and optical imagers (Shiokawa et al 2017). …”

Temporal and Spatial Correspondence of Pc1/EMIC Waves and Relativistic Electron Precipitations Observed With Ground‐Based Multi‐Instruments on 27 March 2017

“…In this study, we observed VLF/LF radio waves that are transmitted from several stations in the United States: NDK (25.2 kHz, 46.37°N, 261.47°E, L = 3.0), WWVB (60.0 kHz, 40.67°N, 254.95°E, L = 2.3), and NLK (24.8 kHz, 48.20°N, 238.08°E, L = 2.9). They are received at Athabasca (ATH), Canada (54.6°N, 246.7°E, L = 4.3; Shiokawa et al, ; Tsuchiya et al, ). The amplitude and phase of the transmitter signals are recorded with 0.1‐s time resolution.…”