Ground-Based Gas Turbine Combustion

McDonell, Vincent; Klein, Manfred

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139015462.005

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…To attain the lowest NOx emissions, uniformly low reaction temperatures must be assured and thus the reactants must be well mixed. This is accomplished in low emission gas turbines by mixing the reactants within a premixer section prior to entry into the combustor [2]. With the addition of hydrogen into the fuel, certain issues arise such as higher flame speeds compared to carbon-based fuels at a given equivalence ratio and flame temperature.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Boundary Layer Flashback of a High Turbulence Intensity Jet Flame at Gas Turbine Conditions

Auwaijan

McDonell

2020

Volume 4B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions

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Hydrogen derived from non-fossil sources is an attractive candidate to replace carbon based fuels in gas turbines, as it is inherently carbon free. Yet the unusual combustion properties of hydrogen requires some care to successfully use it in gas turbines. To attain the lowest NOx emissions, uniformly low reaction temperatures must be assured thus the reactants must be well mixed. This is accomplished in low emission gas turbines by mixing the reactants within a pre-mixer section prior to entry into the combustor. With the addition of hydrogen into the fuel, certain issues arise such as higher flame speeds compared to carbon based fuels. Flashback is a phenomena that occurs when the flame no longer propagates beyond the exit of the premixer/injector but instead retracts and propagates upstream towards, and ultimately into the pre-mixer, causing significant damage due to such high temperatures. Flashback occurs when the flame speed exceeds either the local or bulk flow velocity. In practice, the question arises regarding the impact of turbulence levels. While an increase in turbulence intensity may help improve mixing, it also known to increase turbulent burning velocity. In the present work, the influence of bulk turbulence intensity of the flow on boundary layer flashback is investigated. Data are acquired for a different turbulence intensities at pressures from 3 to 8 bar with preheated reactants up to 750 deg. K. Various mixtures of hydrogen and methane are evaluated. The results show that even with significantly different bulk flow turbulence intensities (based on the ratio of flow centerline turbulence to centerline axial velocity) boundary layer flashback is not strongly affected. This is attributed to the role of the quenching distance in connection with damping within the boundary layer. It is noted that core flow flashback or other flashback mechanisms may be affected differently.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Boundary Layer Flashback of a High Turbulence Intensity Jet Flame at Gas Turbine Conditions

Auwaijan

McDonell

2020

Volume 4B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions

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An LSTM-based approach to detect transition to lean blowout in swirl-stabilized dump combustion systems

Gangopadhyay,

De,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energy and AI

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Minimizing the impacts of the ammonia economy on the nitrogen cycle and climate

Bertagni,

Socolow,

Martirez

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) is an attractive low-carbon fuel and hydrogen carrier. However, losses and inefficiencies across the value chain could result in reactive nitrogen emissions (NH 3 , NO x , and N 2 O), negatively impacting air quality, the environment, human health, and climate. A relatively robust ammonia economy (30 EJ/y) could perturb the global nitrogen cycle by up to 65 Mt/y with a 5% nitrogen loss rate, equivalent to 50% of the current global perturbation caused by fertilizers. Moreover, the emission rate of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting molecule, determines whether ammonia combustion has a greenhouse footprint comparable to renewable energy sources or higher than coal (100 to 1,400 gCO 2 e/kWh). The success of the ammonia economy hence hinges on adopting optimal practices and technologies that minimize reactive nitrogen emissions. We discuss how this constraint should be included in the ongoing broad engineering research to reduce environmental concerns and prevent the lock-in of high-leakage practices.

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Ground-Based Gas Turbine Combustion

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Investigating Boundary Layer Flashback of a High Turbulence Intensity Jet Flame at Gas Turbine Conditions

Investigating Boundary Layer Flashback of a High Turbulence Intensity Jet Flame at Gas Turbine Conditions

An LSTM-based approach to detect transition to lean blowout in swirl-stabilized dump combustion systems

Minimizing the impacts of the ammonia economy on the nitrogen cycle and climate

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