Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010

Bukowiecki, Nicolas; Zieger, Paul; Weingärtner, E.; Jurányi, Z.; Gysel, M.; Neininger, B.; Schneider, B.; Hueglin, Christoph; Ulrich, Andrea; Wichser, Adrian; Henne, Stephan; Brunner, Dominik; Kaegi, Rälf; Schwikowski, Margit; Tobler, L.; Wienhold, F. G.; Tritscher, Ines; Buchmann, B.; Peter, Thomas; Baltensperger, Urs

doi:10.5194/acp-11-10011-2011

Cited by 101 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…New significant eruptions occurred on 4-9 May and 14-19 May. The first of these events mainly influenced western Europe, from Great Britain to the Iberian Peninsula (Pappalardo et al, 2013), while the second travelled over Ireland and Great Britain and reached central Europe (Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Hervo et al, 2012). Volcanic layers were observed in the central and eastern Mediterranean area, including Greece and Turkey, in the days from 18 to 22 May Papayannis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Plume Transport Towards Northern Italy and Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Remote sensing systems already observed the plume in the free troposphere over Europe on 16 April at an altitude of 3-6 km, but only on the afternoon of 17 April did intense vertical mixing and advection favour the entrainment of the volcanic material down to the ground in southern Germany (Flentje et al, 2010). Subsequently, on reaching the southernmost part of Europe, the air mass was deflected both east and west, with its presence observed over the Alps (Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Schäfer et al, 2011;Trickl et al, 2013). The transport to the south during this first approach of the plume was almost completely blocked by the Alps and by a lowpressure zone over northern Italy (Pappalardo et al, 2013;Trickl et al, 2013).…”

Section: Plume Transport Towards Northern Italy and Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measurements permit the determination of a fine (0.3 µm ≤ D p ≤ 1 µm) and coarse mode (1 µm ≤ D p ≤ 20 µm) aerosol fraction. As described in detail by Bukowiecki et al (2011), aerosol measurements performed with a polystyrene latex (PSL)-calibrated OPC will result in a diameter shift of the actual size distribution due to the different refractive indices of volcanic ash. This results in a larger uncertainty in OPC measurements.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Aerosol Physical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pappalardo et al, 2013;Ansmann et al, 2010;Flentje et al, 2010;Madonna et al, 2010;Mona et al, 2012;Schumann et al, 2011;Schäfer et al, 2011). However, the chemical composition of aerosol from airborne measurements Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012;Andersson et al, 2013) or from ground-level samplings (Revuelta et al, 2012;Schleicher et al, 2012;Lettino et al, 2012;Beeston et al, 2012;Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Colette et al, 2011) were derived in a few cases only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April 19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number.Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission-particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE-PIGE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO 2 . By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM 10 , resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 µg m −3 , i.e. 40 % of total PM 10 on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull ashes over Europe.

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Section: Plume Transport Towards Northern Italy and Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Plume Transport Towards Northern Italy and Data Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Of Aerosol Physical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

et al. 2014

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“…Significant portion of elements in atmospheric aerosols originates from natural sources like desert dust, volcanic dust, re-suspension, biomass burning, etc. (Rodríguez et al 2003;Bukowiecki et al 2011;Handler et al 2008;Paris et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

Đorđević

Buha

Stortini

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Probabilistic detection of volcanic ash using a Bayesian approach

Mackie

Watson

2014

JGR Atmospheres

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Airborne volcanic ash can pose a hazard to aviation, agriculture, and both human and animal health. It is therefore important that ash clouds are monitored both day and night, even when they travel far from their source. Infrared satellite data provide perhaps the only means of doing this, and since the hugely expensive ash crisis that followed the 2010 Eyjafjalljökull eruption, much research has been carried out into techniques for discriminating ash in such data and for deriving key properties. Such techniques are generally specific to data from particular sensors, and most approaches result in a binary classification of pixels into “ash” and “ash free” classes with no indication of the classification certainty for individual pixels. Furthermore, almost all operational methods rely on expert-set thresholds to determine what constitutes “ash” and can therefore be criticized for being subjective and dependent on expertise that may not remain with an institution. Very few existing methods exploit available contemporaneous atmospheric data to inform the detection, despite the sensitivity of most techniques to atmospheric parameters. The Bayesian method proposed here does exploit such data and gives a probabilistic, physically based classification. We provide an example of the method's implementation for a scene containing both land and sea observations, and a large area of desert dust (often misidentified as ash by other methods). The technique has already been successfully applied to other detection problems in remote sensing, and this work shows that it will be a useful and effective tool for ash detection.Key PointsPresentation of a probabilistic volcanic ash detection schemeMethod for calculation of probability density function for ash observationsDemonstration of a remote sensing technique for monitoring volcanic ash hazards

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Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010

Abstract: Abstract. The volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Ey-

Cited by 101 publications

References 40 publications

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

Probabilistic detection of volcanic ash using a Bayesian approach

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