Gross motor function and health fitness in adults with autistic spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: single-blind retrospective trial

Cha, Jun-Youl; Min, Sukyung; Yoon, Tae-Hyun; Jee, Yong-Seok

doi:10.12965/jer.2040270.135

“…Only 4 of the 22 studies reviewed (i.e. ~18%) (Barwick et al, 2012; Cha et al, 2020; Todd et al, 2019; Yu & Jee, 2020), 2 of which were by the same research group (Cha et al, 2020; Yu & Jee, 2020), were restricted to purely the age group of our interest (Table 1). Specifically, Yu and colleagues assessed the effects of an educational play program involving games such as tug-of-war and chasing, as well as sport-specific training involving floorball, basketball, inline skating, and jumping activities on PF and GMF in young adults with ASD between 20 and 29 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the two studies that did not find statistically significant results, one study reported that there were no significant changes in skeletal muscle mass following training involving strength and endurance exercises, nutrition education, and coaching for stress reduction (Spratt et al, 2018). The other study did not find any significant differences in PF measures between ASD and intellectual disability (ID) groups following a PA program; however, the study assessed outcomes at only one time-point, thereby precluding any conclusions to be drawn regarding within-group improvements in the ASD group (Cha et al, 2020) (see Table 4).…”

Section: Pf and Pa Engagementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of physical activity and exercise-based interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Shahane

¹

,

Kilyk

²

,

Srinivasan

³

2023

Autism

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Young adults with autism spectrum disorder are an underserved population. Evidence-based guidelines for physical activity programs to address the lifelong needs of this population are presently unavailable. Our systematic review critically appraises the research to date on the effects of physical activity/exercise-based interventions on physical fitness, motor skills, core autism symptoms, and functional participation in young adults with autism spectrum disorder between 19 and 30 years. We reviewed 22 experimental and quasi-experimental studies that assessed the effects of physical activity/exercise-based interventions in 763 young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Evidence is strongest for improvements of medium-to-large size in physical fitness followed by medium-to-large improvements in motor outcomes, medium-to-large improvements in psychological function, and small-to-large improvements in quality of life. Aerobic, resistance, and movement skill/sport-specific training can improve cardiovascular function and muscular strength/endurance in young adults. Movement/sport training can help improve fundamental motor skills. Finally, holistic interventions combining elements of physical activity, diet, and lifestyle modifications are effective in improving outcomes related to body composition and quality of life in young adults. There is presently insufficient evidence for improvements in physical activity engagement or core autism symptoms following exercise interventions. We provide recommendations for assessment and intervention for clinicians working with young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract Young adults with autism spectrum disorder over 18 years of age are an underserved population, and there is presently limited evidence examining the effects of physical activity programs in this population. Our review synthesizes the evidence to date from studies that have assessed the effects of physical activity/exercise programs in young adults with autism spectrum disorder between 19 and 30 years. We reviewed 22 studies that included a total of 763 young adults with autism spectrum disorder. There is the strongest evidence for improvements in physical fitness, followed by motor skills, psychological function, and quality of life following physical activity interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, aerobic and resistance training as well as programs focused on movement skill and sport-specific training lead to improved physical fitness and movement performance. Holistic interventions focusing on physical activity, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications lead to improvements in body composition and quality of life of young adults with autism spectrum disorder. There is presently limited evidence to support the use of exercise/activity programs to improve physical activity levels and core autism symptoms in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Based on our review results, we also provide practical recommendations for clinicians working with young adults with autism spectrum disorder.

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“…However, activities such as jogging, may not require extensive procedures for teaching. Indeed, several common procedures and strategies emerged across studies (Cha et al, 2020). First, embedding exercise into age-appropriate activities and games may increase motivation to engage in exercise, similar to the program used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study used the GMF scale-II (Cha et al, 2020). This allows the instructor to accurately and quickly measure any delays in underlying motion patterns of the participants compared to their peers.…”

Section: Measurement Of Gmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational exercise program affects to physical fitness and gross motor function differently in the severity of autism spectrum disorder

Yu

¹

,

Jee

²

2020

Self Cite

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This study investigated the effects of participating in an educational exercise program on physical fitness and gross motor function (GMF) in adults with varying degrees of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The subjects consisted of 35 voluntary male participants between 20 and 29 years of age who were allocated to one of two groups: mild ASD (n= 17) group and severe ASD (n= 18) group. All selected tests for physical fitness, including body composition and GMF, have been used in previous studies. The results were as follows: first, with the exception of the basal metabolic rate, there were significant differences in the interaction of all other body composition variables. Second, there were significant differences in the interaction of almost all physical fitness variables, except for muscle strength. Finally, although there were significant differences in the interaction of all variables, except the locomotion skill for hopping, there were significant differences in the interaction of all variables of object control skill. Specifically, although the Δ% in the sum of locomotion skill in mild ASD group increased ~19.81%, that of severe ASD group decreased ~4.78%. The Δ% in the sum of object control skill in mild ASD group improved ~29.96%, while that of severe ASD group reduced ~15.2%. In conclusion, it is thought that these results are due to the better understanding of educational exercise and better performance of educational exercise in adults with mild ASD compared to adults with severe ASD.

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“…Compared to formerly described test setups for adult patients without CF [21,39], the implementation of our test Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation ðSDÞ. n: number of patients with complete data sets.…”

Section: Pulmonary Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Trainability of Health-Related and Motor Performance Fitness in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis within a 12-Month Partially Supervised Exercise Program

Welsner

¹

,

Gruber

²

,

Mellies

³

et al. 2021

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Background. Regular physical activity plays an important role in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of a 12-month partially supervised exercise program on attributes of health-related and motor performance fitness, lung function (ppFEV1), BMI, and habitual physical activity (HPA, steps/day) in adults with CF. Methods. Attributes of health-related and motor performance fitness were examined at the beginning (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months (T2) on the basis of five test items: forward bend (FB), bent knee hip extension (HE), plank leg raise (PLR), standing long jump (SLJ), and standing on one leg (OLS). Additionally, we recorded HPA by accelerometry, peak exercise performance ( W peak ) by an incremental cycle test, ppFEV1, and BMI. During the first six months, there was close supervision by an experienced sport therapist. Results. 26 CF patients (8 female, mean age 26.5 ± 7.9 years; ppFEV1 53.7 ± 21.0 ) completed the exercise program. Significant improvements were recorded from T0 to T1 (FB: p ≤ 0.05 ; PLR, OLS: p ≤ 0.01 ) and from T0 to T2 (FB, PLR: p ≤ 0.01 and HE, OLS: p ≤ 0.05 ). W peak , ppFEV1, BMI, and HPA showed no significant improvement between the single test points and over the entire study period (all p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our results show trainability of adults with CF in aspects of health-related and motor performance fitness during a partially supervised exercise program. Close supervision positively influences the results. Using a simple test setup seems to be a promising tool for evaluating the effects of exercise programs in CF and could serve as an additional outcome parameter in future clinical trials. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (retrospectively registered May 8, 2018).

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Gross motor function and health fitness in adults with autistic spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: single-blind retrospective trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of physical activity and exercise-based interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Effects of physical activity and exercise-based interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Educational exercise program affects to physical fitness and gross motor function differently in the severity of autism spectrum disorder

Trainability of Health-Related and Motor Performance Fitness in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis within a 12-Month Partially Supervised Exercise Program

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