Gross Morphological and Cytological Effects of Nitralin on Corn Roots

Gentner, W. A.; Burk, L. G.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500047056

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…3d). A similar symptom was reported for dinitroaniline and pyridine herbicides, which inhibited mitosis (Bayer et al 1967; Cudney et al 1993; Gentner & Burk 1968; Hacskaylo & Amato 1968).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Mitotic disruption by a novel pyrimidine herbicide, NS‐245852, in oat (Avena sativa L.) roots

Takahashi

Yamada

et al. 2001

Weed Biology and Management

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The effects of a novel pyrimidine herbicide, NS-245852 [2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-yl-ketone], on mitosis in oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin) root tips were investigated by using light and immunofluorescence microscopy.The root growth was strongly inhibited at 10 -7 mol L -1 of NS-245852, and swollen root tips were induced at 5 ¥ 10 -8 mol L -1 . As observed by the use of light microscopy, the herbicide produced disrupted mitosis and large polynucleate cells in the meristematic root tissue. These symptoms were similar to those of mitotic disrupter herbicides. The immunofluorescence microscopy studies of the root tip cells treated for 30 min revealed that spindle fibers and the preprophase band were reduced, although kinetochore fibers and the phragmoplast were not affected. Kinetochore fibers remained as small fluorescence spots, and the phragmoplast disappeared after a 3 h treatment. No microtubule arrays were observed by a longer treatment (longer than 3 h). Among the microtubule arrays, spindle fibers and the preprophase band were found to be the most sensitive to the herbicide, whereas kinetochore fibers were the most resistant.The phragmoplast was intermediate.Thus, the primary action of NS-245852 is the inhibition of polymerization of tubulin into microtubules.

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“…3d). A similar symptom was reported for dinitroaniline and pyridine herbicides, which inhibited mitosis (Bayer et al 1967; Cudney et al 1993; Gentner & Burk 1968; Hacskaylo & Amato 1968).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Mitotic disruption by a novel pyrimidine herbicide, NS‐245852, in oat (Avena sativa L.) roots

Takahashi

Yamada

et al. 2001

Weed Biology and Management

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“…As a result, treated cells entering mitosis were unable to complete the process. Although Gentner & Burk (1968) reported some division through anaphase in nitralin-treated com roots, ryegrass cells were inhibited before anaphase commenced. Thus, as the treatment continued, the number of cells in prophase increased at a greater rate than the number of cells in telophase (Fig.…”

Section: Cell Division Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Elmore

Bayer

1992

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Saturated solutions of nitralin or butralin were used to treat the germinating florets of Lolium perenne L, var, Manhattan in a growth chamber to evaluate the induced mitotic and structural effects. Examination of structural changes showed suppressed root elongation and increased radial root enlargement. The response to nitralin was observed at 1 h, whereas a weaker response was first observed with butralin at 12 h. Cortical and epidermal cells close to the apex, treated with either herbicide, were enlarged and more vacuolate. Normal mitotic figures were reduced by 76% and 36% after 1 h following treatment with nitralin and butralin, respectively. Division figures differed markedly between the two herbicides. Nitralin‐treated cells formed polymorphic nuclei with an enlargement of nuclear volume and an increase in ploidy level, Butrahn decreased the number of prophase division figures, but increased the number of nuclei per cell, yielding a multi‐nucleate cell, Nitralin effects on cell divisions resemble those caused by the other dinitroani‐line herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin and pendimethalin. Butralin effects on cell division more closely resemble those reported from the carbamates, propham and chlorpropham. Effets mitotiques et structured de la nitraline et de la butraline sur les meristimes racinaires du ray‐grass (Lolium perenne L.) Des solutions saturees de nitraline et de butraline ont étéutilises pour traiter des épillets en germination de Lolium perenne L. var. Manhattan en chambre climatique afin d'évaluer les effets mitotiques et structurels in‐duits, L'examen des changements structurels a montre la suppression de l'élongation racinaire et l'augmentation du diametre racinaire. La reponse a la nitraline a étéobservee aprés une heure tandis qu'une réponse plus faible a été obsérvée avec la butraline apres 12 heures, Les cellules corticales et épidermiques proches de l'apex, traitées avec l'un ou l'autre herbicide, étaient plus grandes et plus vacuolées. Les schemas mitotiques normaux ont étéréduits de 76% et 36% une heure apres un traitement à la nitraline et à la butraline, respectivement. Les schémas de division différaient de faéon marquée entre les 2 herbicides, Les cellules traitées à la nitraline ont formé des cellules avec des nuclei polymorphes avec augmentation du volume nucléaire et du niveau de ploïdie. La butraline a limité le nombre de stades prophasi‐ques mais a augmenté le nombre de nucléi par cellule, aboutissant a une cellule multinucleee, Les effets de la nitraline sur la division cellulaire ressemblent à ceux causés par les autres herbicides dinitroanihnes: trifluraline, oryzalinne, et pendiméthaline, et les effets de la butraline sur la division cellulaire sont plus voisins de ceux rapportés pour les carbamates, prophame et chloroprophame. Wirkungen von Nitralin und Butralin auf Mitose und Struktur des Wurzelmeristems von Deutschem Weidelgras (Lolium perenne L.) Nach der Behandlung keimender Samen von Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan’ mit gesattigten ...

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“…The dinitroaniline herbicides can be used successfully on mature St. Augustinegrass, but have not been used on immature St. Augustinegrass due to potential inhibition of root growth (Bingham, 1974). In agronomic crops, dinitroaniline herbicides can cause swelling at the root tip and a lack of normal lateral root development following application (Appleby and Valverde, 1989;Bayer et al, 1967;Gentner and Burk, 1968;Hackskaylo and Amato, 1968;Parka and Soper, 1977). Impeded root development could severely reduce St. Augustinegrass nutrient and water uptake and encourage removal of unpegged stolons during mowing, thus resulting in poor lifting at harvest.…”

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confidence: 99%

St. Augustinegrass Rooting following Preemergence Herbicide Application

McCarty¹,

Porter²,

Colvin³

et al. 1995

jashs

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Greenhouse studies were conducted at the Univ. of Florida to evaluate the effects of preemergence herbicides on St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] rooting. Metolachlor, atrazine, metolachlor + atrazine, isoxahen, pendimethalin, dithiopyr, and oxadiazon were applied to soil columns followed by placement of St. Augustinegrass sod on the treated soil. Root elongation and biomass were measured following application. Plants treated with dithiopyr and pendimethalin had no measurable root elongation and root biomass was severely (>70%) reduced at the study's conclusion (33 days). Root biomass was unaffected following isoxaben and oxadiazon treatments, but oxadiazon applied at 3.4 kg·ha-1 reduced root length by 50%. Atrazine at 2.2 kg·ha-1 and metolachlor + atrazine at 2.2 + 2.2 kg·ha-1, did not reduce root length in one study, while the remaining atrazine and metolachlor + atrazine treatments reduced cumulative root length and total root biomass 20% to 60%. Metolachlor at 2.2 kg·ha-1 reduced St. Augustinegrass root biomass by >70% in one of two studies. St. Augustinegrass root elongation rate was linear or quadratic in response to all treatments. However, the rate of root elongation was similar to the untreated control for plants treated with isoxaben or oxadiazon. Chemical names used: 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(l-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine(atrazine);S,S-dimethyl2-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(t∼fluoromethyl)-3,5-pyridinecarbothioate (dithiopyr); N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide (isoxaben); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl- 6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

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Gross Morphological and Cytological Effects of Nitralin on Corn Roots

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Mitotic disruption by a novel pyrimidine herbicide, NS‐245852, in oat (Avena sativa L.) roots

Mitotic disruption by a novel pyrimidine herbicide, NS‐245852, in oat (Avena sativa L.) roots

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

St. Augustinegrass Rooting following Preemergence Herbicide Application

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