Gross and morphometrical studies on the first second and third lumbar vertebrae of blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

Abstract

The present study was carried out on the cranial lumbar vertebrae (L1, L2 and L3) of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. It was revealed that the centrum of cranial lumbar vertebrae was constricted in the middle, but expanded at either end. They presented a rudimentary ventral crest. The intervertebral foramina were often double in the cranial part of the series and were very large further back. The transverse process was a long plate of bone that spread out laterally at right angles from the centrum, being slightly bent forward. The borders of the transverse processes were thin, irregular and presented projections of variable size and form. The dorsal supraspinous processes were broad and flattened plates of bone. These processes were relatively low, wide and perpendicular to the long axis of the vertebrae. The articular processes were well developed and placed further apart than in the thoracic region. They were large and their facets were strongly curved. The mamillary processes were fused with the cranial articular processes and were thick and tuberous. The cranial articular processes were concave and directed medially, whereas the caudal ones were convex and directed laterally. Biometrical observations on different parameters of cranial lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species.

Gross Morphological and Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Mandible of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The Blue bull is quite prevalent in northern and central parts of India especially in the foothills of Himalayas, eastern part of Pakistan and southern part of Nepal, but has vanished from Bangladesh (Sathapathy et al, 2019a, Sathapathy et al, 2019band Sathapathy et al, 2019c. The adult male of the Blue bull appears like ox and so called as Blue bull (Sathapathy et al, 2019d andSathapathy et al, 2019e). They are generally seen in day times in the meadow pasture, timberland areas and agricultural land area (Sathapathy et al, 2019f andSathapathy et al, 2019h).…”

Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Mid Thoracic Ribs of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The Blue bull is quite prevalent in northern and central parts of India especially in the foothills of Himalayas, eastern part of Pakistan and southern part of Nepal, but has vanished from Bangladesh (Sathapathy et al, 2019a, Sathapathy et al, 2019band Sathapathy et al, 2019c. The adult male of the Blue bull appears like ox and so called as Blue bull (Sathapathy et al, 2019d andSathapathy et al, 2019e). They are generally seen in day times in the meadow pasture, timberland areas and agricultural land area (Sathapathy et al, 2019f, Sathapathy et al, 2019g and Sathapathy et al, 2019h).…”

​Morphometrical Studies on Skull Bones of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The Blue bull is quite prevalent in northern and central parts of India especially in the foothills of Himalayas, eastern part of Pakistan and southern part of Nepal (Sathapathy et al, 2019a, Sathapathy et al, 2019b, Sathapathy et al, 2019cand Bharti et al, 2020. The adult male of the Blue bull appears like ox and so called as Blue bull (Sathapathy et al, 2019d. The Blue bulls are safeguarded beneath the IUCN since 2003 and also under safeguard of 'Schedule III' of the Indian W ildlife Protection Act, 1972 (Bagchi et al, 2004).…”