Grooming Systems of Insects: Structure, Mechanics1

Hlavac, T. F.

doi:10.1093/aesa/68.5.823

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…It is a common behavior seen in many animals including primates (Dunbar 1996), birds (Cotgreave and Clayton 1994), fish (Bshary and Schaffer 2002), insects (Hlavac 1975) and crustaceans (Bauer 1977, 2004, 2013, Felgenhauer and Schram 1978, 1979, Martin and Felgenhauer 1986). Although grooming occurs in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, the former have relatively fewer fouling pressures than the latter (Holmquist 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grooming as a secondary behavior in the shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea)

VanMaurik¹,

Wortham²

2014

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The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a large shrimp extensively used in aquaculture whose grooming behaviors were analyzed in this study. Macrobrachium rosenbergii exhibits three unique male morphotypes that differ in their behavior, morphology and physiology: small-clawed males (SM), orange-clawed males (OC) and blue-clawed males (BC). The largest and most dominant males, BC males, are predicted to have significantly different grooming behaviors compared to females and the other two male morphotypes. These BC males may be too large and bulky to efficiently groom and may dedicate more time to mating and agonistic interactions than grooming behaviors. Observations were conducted to look at the prevalence of grooming behaviors in the absence and presence of conspecifics and to determine if any differences in grooming behavior exist among the sexes and male morphotypes. Significant differences in the grooming behaviors of all individuals (females and male morphotypes) were found. BC males tended to have the highest grooming time budget (percent of time spent grooming) while SM males had a relatively low grooming time budget. The grooming behaviors of the male morphotypes differed, indicating while these males play distinct, separate roles in the social hierarchy, they also have different grooming priorities. The conditions in which Macrobrachium rosenbergii are cultured may result in increased body fouling, which may vary, depending on the grooming efficiencies and priorities of these male morphotypes. Overall, grooming behaviors were found to be a secondary behavior which only occurred when primary behaviors such as mating, feeding or fighting were not present.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grooming as a secondary behavior in the shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea)

VanMaurik¹,

Wortham²

2014

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“…Evaporation of saliva on the body can also help to regulate body temperature and serve as a chemical signal to attract mates. Both vertebrates and insects brush and lick (Szebenyi, 1969;Lipps, 1973;Hlavac, 1975;Spruijt et al, 1992). As a last resort, certain animals simply ingest the particles accumulated on the bristled appendages (Szebenyi, 1969;Lipps, 1973).…”

Section: Encapsulating With Secreted Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleanliness is next to godliness: mechanisms for staying clean

Amador

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Getting dirty is a fundamental problem, and one for which there are few solutions, especially across the enormous range of animal size. How do both a honeybee and a squirrel get clean? In this Review, we discuss two broad types of cleaning, considered from the viewpoint of energetics. Non-renewable cleaning strategies rely upon the organism as an energy source. Examples include grooming motions, wet-dog shaking or the secretion of chemicals. Renewable cleaning strategies depend on environmental sources of energy, such as the use of eyelashes to redirect incoming wind and so reduce deposition onto the eye. Both strategies take advantage of body hair to facilitate cleaning, and honeybees and squirrels, for example, each have around 3 million hairs. This hair mat increases the area on which particles can land by a factor of 100, but also suspends particles above the body, reducing their adhesion and facilitating removal. We hope that the strategies outlined here will inspire energy-efficient cleaning strategies in synthetic systems.

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“…Our preliminary observations show that, in contrast to the rest of the body, ommatidia of various insects remain clean even in a heavy contaminated environment. In numerous insect species, the eye contamination problem is solved due to active cleaning systems (Hlavac, 1975;Jander, 1976). For example, highly elaborate grooming systems have been repeatedly reported in the literature for representatives of Hymenoptera (Schonitzer and Renner, 1984), Diptera (Szebenyi, 1969) and Coleoptera (Valentine, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Always on the bright side of life: anti-adhesive properties of insect ommatidia grating

Peisker

Gorb

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe surface of some insect eyes consists of arrays of cuticular protuberances, which are 50-300nm in diameter, and are termed corneal nipples or ommatidia gratings. They were widely reported to reduce the reflectance for normally incident light, contributing to camouflage by reducing glare to predators, while furthermore enhancing the intake of light, which is especially important for nocturnal insects. Our preliminary observations suggest a third function: in contrast to the rest of the body, ommatidia of various insects remain clean, even in a heavy contaminated environment. In order to prove such an anticontamination hypothesis of these structures, we measured the adhesive properties of polymer moulds of insect ommatidia, and compared these data with control surfaces having the same curvature radii but lacking such a nanostructure. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study and force measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM) on the eye surfaces of three different insect species, dragonfly Aeshna mixta (Odonata), moth Laothoe populi (Lepidoptera) and fly Volucella pellucens (Diptera), were undertaken. We revealed that adhesion is greatly reduced by corneal grating in L. populi and V. pellucens when compared with their smooth controls. The smooth cornea of A. mixta showed no statistically significant difference to its control. We assume that this anti-adhesive phenomenon is due to a decrease in the real contact area between contaminating particles and the eye's surface. Such a combination of three functions in one nanostructure can be interesting for the development of industrial multifunctional surfaces capable of enhancing light harvesting while reducing light reflection and adhesion.

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Grooming Systems of Insects: Structure, Mechanics1

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Grooming as a secondary behavior in the shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea)

Grooming as a secondary behavior in the shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea)

Cleanliness is next to godliness: mechanisms for staying clean

Always on the bright side of life: anti-adhesive properties of insect ommatidia grating

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