Grooming analysis algorithm: Use in the relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety-like behavior

Effects of experimental sleep deprivation on anxiety-like behavior in animal research: Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Some other anxiety measurement tests and protocols were used among the selected articles, however, they were not included in the cluster three meta-analyses as they were used and reported in only one article each. This was the case for the hole board test (Pokk and Zharkovsky, 1998b), the grooming analysis algorithm (Pires et al, 2013), the open field with starter box (Tartar et al, 2009), the light-dark explorations test (Vollert et al, 2011b), the elevated T maze (Süer et al, 2011) and the light-dark box in zebrafish (Singh et al, 2013). Individually, the majority of these tests also demonstrated decreased anxiety in sleep deprived animals, with the exception of the grooming analysis algorithm and the light-dark box in zebrafish, in which results demonstrated an anxiogenic status due to sleep deprivation.…”

“…This seems to be the case in the studies on the relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety in animals. Previous studies have already reported that animal research on the effects of sleep deprivation on anxiety-like behavior have failed to present the same sleep deprivation-induced anxiety observed in humans, and may not therefore have a translational value (Pires et al, 2012b(Pires et al, , 2013Silva et al, 2004b). However, so far no systematic review has addressed and criticized the conflicting results raised by such studies, and new studies on this topic remain to be conducted and published regardless of the lack of translational evidence.…”

“…Indeed, some articles have already evaluated grooming following sleep deprivation (Andersen et al, 2005;Nunes et al, 2012;Pires et al, 2012a;Pires et al, 2013Pires et al, , 2015a. In respect of the methods currently available to evaluate grooming behavior, one could think of three possible alternatives: the classical evaluation by latency, frequency and duration of this behavior (Andersen et al, 2005); the use of self-cleaning indexes (Nunes et al, 2012) and the use of the grooming analysis algorithm Tuohimaa, 2004, 2005a, b).…”

“…Overall, 50 articles composed our sample (Alvarenga et al, 2008;Andersen et al, 2005;Araujo et al, 2006;Berro et al, 2014;Cohen et al, 2012;Cortese et al, 2010;de Oliveira et al, 2004;Dubiela et al, 2011;Fernandes-Santos et al, 2012;Garg and Kumar, 2008;Hajali et al, 2012;Kalonia and Kumar, 2007;Kumar and Garg, 2008;Kumar and Kalonia, 2007;Kumar and Singh, 2007, 2008Nair et al, 2011;Novati et al, 2011;Patti et al, 2010;Perry et al, 2008;Pires et al, 2013;Pokk et al, 1996;Pokk et al, 2000;Väli, 2001a, b, 2002;Pokk and Zharkovsky, 1995, 1997, 1998aPolesel et al, 2014;Porsolt et al, 1978;Rothman et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2004a;Silva et al, 2004b;Singh and Kumar, 2008;Singh et al, 2013;Suchecki et al, 2002;Süer et al, 2011;Takatsu-Coleman et al, 2013;Tartar et al, 2009;Torabi-Namia et al, 2012;Vassiljev et al, 2000;Vollert et al, 2011a;…”

“…Such methodological problems have already been discussed in the literature, both in their theoretical and practical aspects (Pires et al, 2012b(Pires et al, , 2013(Pires et al, , 2015bSilva et al, 2004b). However, the results are still not clear and a more detailed and consistent analysis is required to evaluate the true value of basic rodent research in the relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety.…”