“…Instead, many studies linked to consumer disadvantage have been conducted in a piecemeal fashion, focusing on one specific source of social disadvantage at a time. For example, the shopping behaviour of ethnic minorities (Opacic and Potter, 1986;National Consumer Council, 1982), the disabled (Bowlby, 1985;Kaufman, 1995), women (Bowlby, 1985(Bowlby, , 1988RTPI, 1988;Pickup, 1988), the elderly (Smith, 1985;Bowlby, 1985;Hare et al, 1999;Hare, 2003), car-less households (Bromley and Thomas, 1993), residents of deprived areas (Piacentini et al, 2001;Ellaway and Macintyre, 2000) and the unemployed (Guy, 1985) have formed the focus of previous studies.…”