GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs

Mizuno, Yosuke

doi:10.3390/universe8020085

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(252 reference statements)

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“…General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of magnetized accretion disks show that the dilute polar region can form magnetosphere with σ B = B 2 /(4πn e m e c 2 ) ? 1 around a BH, where the BZ process works (McKinney & Gammie 2004;Tchekhovskoy et al 2011;Narayan et al 2012;Takahashi et al 2016;Nakamura et al 2018;Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration et al 2019a;Mizuno 2022). GRMHD simulations indicate that accretion flows can be classified into two modes (Narayan et al 2012): one is the standard and normal evolution (SANE) in which the magnetic fields are weak and turbulent, while the other is the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) in which magnetic fields are strong and mostly ordered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multiwavelength Flares

Kimura

Toma

Noda

et al. 2022

ApJL

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Supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei launch relativistic jets, as indicated by observed superluminal radio blobs. The energy source of these jets is widely discussed in the theoretical framework of the Blandford–Znajek process, the electromagnetic energy extraction from rotating black holes (BHs), while the formation mechanism of the radio blobs in the electromagnetically dominated jets has been a long-standing problem. Recent high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically arrested disks exhibited magnetic reconnection in a transient magnetically dominated part of the equatorial disk near the BH horizon, which led to a promising scenario of efficient MeV gamma-ray production and subsequent electron–positron pair loading into the BH magnetosphere. We develop this scenario to build a theoretical framework on energetics, timescales, and particle number density of the superluminal radio blobs and discuss observable signatures in other wave bands. We analytically show that the nonthermal electrons emit broadband photons from optical to multi-MeV bands. The electron–positron pairs produced in the magnetosphere are optically thick for synchrotron self-absorption, so that the injected energy is stored in the plasma. The stored energy is enough to power the superluminal radio blobs observed in M87. This scenario predicts rather dim radio blobs around Sgr A*, which are consistent with no clear detection by current facilities. In addition, this scenario inevitably produces strong X-ray flares in a short timescale, which will be detectable by future X-ray satellites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multiwavelength Flares

Kimura

Toma

Noda

et al. 2022

ApJL

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“…There is consolidation of knowledge that the jets in AGN are multi-layered, revealing a lateral stratification similar to the one induced by a fast BH-driven (Blandford-Znajek: BZ, [22]) jet surrounded (and possibly confined) by a slower moving disk-driven outflow, cf. [23]. Resolved (lateral) emission structures such as limb-brightening and linear polarisation signatures, e.g., refs.…”

Section: Convergence Of Theoretical Numerical and Observational Evide...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Gamma-Ray loud AGNs

Rieger¹

2023

Proceedings of 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy — PoS(Gamma2022)

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The last decade has seen tremendous developments in gamma-ray astronomy with the extragalactic sky becoming highly populated by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). This brief review highlights some of the progress in AGN research achieved over the years, and discusses exemplary advances in the theory and physics of gamma-ray loud AGNs, including black-hole magnetospheric processes, the physics of pc-scales jets, as well as particle acceleration and high-energy emission in the large-scale jets of AGNs.

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“…ref. [127] for a review. As the jet continues to propagate, instabilities and mixing will continue to modify its shape and bulk velocity structure [128].…”

Section: Shear Particle Acceleration In the Large-scale Jets Of Agnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Galactic Nuclei as Potential Sources of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Rieger

2022

Universe

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Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and their relativistic jets belong to the most promising class of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) accelerators. This compact review summarises basic experimental findings by recent instruments, and discusses possible interpretations and astrophysical constraints on source energetics. Particular attention is given to potential sites and mechanisms of UHECR acceleration in AGNs, including gap-type particle acceleration close to the black hole, as well as first-order Fermi acceleration at trans-relativistic shocks and stochastic shear particle acceleration in large-scale jets. It is argued that the last two represent the most promising mechanisms given our current understanding, and that nearby FR I type radio galaxies provide a suitable environment for UHECR acceleration.

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GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs

Cited by 23 publications

References 203 publications

Magnetic Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multiwavelength Flares

Magnetic Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multiwavelength Flares

Theory of Gamma-Ray loud AGNs

Active Galactic Nuclei as Potential Sources of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

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