Grip strength performance from 9431 participants of the GenoFit study: normative data and associated factors

Pratt, Jedd; Vito, Giuseppe De; Narici, Marco V.; Segurado, Ricardo; Dolan, Jackie; Conroy, Judith; Boreham, Colin

doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00410-5

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Grip strength was assessed using a digital Jamar hand‐held dynamometer (JLW Instruments, Chicago, IL, USA) according to a previously described protocol. 8 Briefly, while standing, participants performed two maximal attempts with each hand with their arm positioned straight by their side. The dynamometer was adjusted for each participant so that a 90° angle was formed between the handle and middle phalanx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma neurofilament light levels associate with muscle mass and strength in middle‐aged and older adults: findings from GenoFit

Pratt

Vito

Segurado

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Efforts to enhance diagnostic measures for sarcopenia have led to an increased focus on the screening utility of blood-based biomarkers. In this regard, circulating neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels are a potent indicator of axonal damage and have been linked with several neurological disorders. However, despite the strong neurogenic contribution to skeletal muscle health, no studies have explored the relevance of NfL concentrations to sarcopenia. With that in mind, this study aimed to examine the association between plasma NfL concentration and sarcopenic domains. Methods Three hundred adults aged between 50 and 83 years participated to this study (male participants, n = 150; mean age: 64.2 ± 8.7 years and female participants, n = 150; mean age: 63.9 ± 8.3 years). Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and a skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated. Muscle strength was assessed with hand dynamometry. Sarcopenia was classified using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Plasma NfL concentration was determined using a highly sensitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Neurofilament light chain levels were associated with grip strength and SMI (P = 0.005 and P = 0.045, respectively) and were significantly elevated in sarcopenic individuals, compared with non-sarcopenic participants (P < 0.001). Individuals with pre-sarcopenia (either low grip strength or low SMI) had significantly higher NfL levels, compared with healthy controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Male participants with either low grip strength or low SMI had significantly raised NfL levels (P = 0.006 and P = 0.002, respectively), while in female participants, NfL concentrations were significantly elevated only in those with low grip strength (P = 0.049). NfL concentration displayed acceptable diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia (area under the curve = 0.726, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study clearly demonstrates the indicative pertinence of circulating NfL levels to sarcopenic domains, supporting its potential use as a biomarker of sarcopenia. More studies are needed, however, to further illuminate the diagnostic value of circulating NfL. Future research should explore whether NfL levels are more powerfully linked with muscle strength than mass and whether sex mediates the relevance of NfL concentrations to sarcopenic phenotypes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma neurofilament light levels associate with muscle mass and strength in middle‐aged and older adults: findings from GenoFit

Pratt

Vito

Segurado

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Recall that the “safety factor” refers to the several-fold greater than needed amount of ACh released on stimulation, to elicit a postsynaptic muscle twitch. It is the increased nerve-terminal branching combined with the decreased number of presynaptic ACh vesicles that accounts for this—decreased safety factor—deleterious adaptation, which, in turn, contributes to the earlier onset of neuromuscular fatigue seen among the aged [ 89 , 95 ]. This evidence gives credence to the biological tenet that changes in form and function are inextricably linked.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On the Nmjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Remodeling of the Neuromuscular Junction with Aging

Deschenes

Flannery

Hawbaker

et al. 2022

Cells

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Aging is associated with gradual degeneration, in mass and function, of the neuromuscular system. This process, referred to as “sarcopenia”, is considered a disease by itself, and it has been linked to a number of other serious maladies such as type II diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and even dementia. While the molecular causes of sarcopenia remain to be fully elucidated, recent findings have implicated the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as being an important locus in the development and progression of that malady. This synapse, which connects motor neurons to the muscle fibers that they innervate, has been found to degenerate with age, contributing both to senescent-related declines in muscle mass and function. The NMJ also shows plasticity in response to a number of neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Here, the structural and functional degradation of the NMJ associated with aging and disease is described, along with the measures that might be taken to effectively mitigate, if not fully prevent, that degeneration.

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“…This indicates that the contribution of muscle strength to prediabetes regression might be largely influenced by a mixture of other factors at baseline. However, this does not necessarily mean that improvements in normalized grip strength and/or chair‐rising time do not promote prediabetes regression, because there is evidence that an increase in exercise, which generally coincides with an improvement in muscle strength, 28 was associated with higher odds of regression. 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an attempt, our regression analyses provide some insights on this issue, showing that higher normalized grip strength was prospectively related to better cardiometabolic outcomes on blood pressure, glycaemic condition (assessed by FPG and HbA1c), and inflammation (represented by hs‐CRP) and that lower chair‐rising time was correlated with higher HDL levels. Moreover, large muscle strength is correlated with high cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, 28 the latter of which is also associated with reduced risk of diabetes. 31 In addition, our regression analyses suggest that normalized grip strength might outperform chair‐rising time in predicting future cardiometabolic health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muscle strength to prediabetes regression might be largely influenced by a mixture of other factors at baseline. However, this does not necessarily mean that improvements in normalized grip strength and/or chair-rising time do not promote prediabetes regression, because there is evidence that an increase in exercise, which generally coincides with an improvement in muscle strength, 28 was associated with higher odds of regression. 10 There are substantial variations in the definition of prediabetes, in particular for the cut-offs of HbA1c and/or FPG, 14,29 in the current diabetes management guidelines (e.g.…”

Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle strength and prediabetes progression and regression in middle‐aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study

Qiu

Cai

Yuan

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Prediabetes progression is associated with increased mortality while its regression decreases it. It is unclear whether muscle strength is related to prediabetes progression or regression. This study investigated the associations of muscle strength, assessed by grip strength and chair‐rising time, with prediabetes progression and regression based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) enrolling middle‐aged and older adults. Methods We included 2623 participants with prediabetes from CHARLS, who were followed up 4 years later with blood samples collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c. Grip strength (normalized by body weight) and chair‐rising time were assessed at baseline and categorized into tertiles (low, middle, and high groups). Prediabetes at baseline and follow‐up was defined primarily using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and secondarily using the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Expert Committee (IEC) criteria. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The mean age of included participants was 59.0 ± 8.6 years, and 46.6% of them were males. During follow‐up, 1646 participants remained as prediabetes, 379 progressed to diabetes, and 598 regressed to normoglycaemia based on ADA criteria. Participants who progressed to diabetes had lower normalized grip strength than those who remained as prediabetes (0.49 ± 0.15 vs. 0.53 ± 0.15, P < 0.001), but participants who regressed to normoglycaemia showed the opposite (0.55 ± 0.16 vs. 0.53 ± 0.15, P = 0.003). However, chair‐rising time was comparable across different groups (Poverall = 0.17). Compared with participants in low normalized grip strength or high chair‐rising time group, those in high normalized grip strength or low chair‐rising time group had decreased odds of progression to diabetes (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.87; and OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.93, respectively) after multivariable adjustment. However, both were unrelated to the odds of regression to normoglycaemia (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.25; and OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.07, respectively). These outcomes remained generally comparable when prediabetes was defined by WHO or IEC criteria. Higher normalized grip strength but not lower chair‐rising time was prospectively associated with lower blood pressure, better glycaemic condition, and lower inflammation (all P ≤ 0.04). Conclusions High muscle strength is associated with reduced odds of progression to diabetes but does not predict regression to normoglycaemia in prediabetes. Future studies are warranted to assess whether increases in muscle strength promote prediabetes regression.

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Grip strength performance from 9431 participants of the GenoFit study: normative data and associated factors

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Plasma neurofilament light levels associate with muscle mass and strength in middle‐aged and older adults: findings from GenoFit

Plasma neurofilament light levels associate with muscle mass and strength in middle‐aged and older adults: findings from GenoFit

Adaptive Remodeling of the Neuromuscular Junction with Aging

Muscle strength and prediabetes progression and regression in middle‐aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study

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