Grindstone Chemistry: Design, One-Pot Synthesis, and Promising Anticancer Activity of Spiro[acridine-9,2′-indoline]-1,3,8-trione Derivatives against the MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

In this study, the synthesis of one-pot 10-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-spiro [acridine-9,2′-indoline]-1,3,8-trione derivatives was achieved via a four-component cyclocondensation reaction, which was carried out in solvent-free conditions, and using p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as a catalyst. The product was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the anticancer activity was screened for all compounds. Among these compounds, compound 1c was more effective (GI50 0.01 µm) against MCF-7 cancer cell lines than standard and other compounds. Therefore, the objective of this study was achieved with a few promising molecules having been demonstrated to be potential anticancer agents.

Considerable Production of Ulvan from Ulva lactuca with Special Emphasis on Its Antimicrobial and Anti-fouling Properties

“…For the preparation of the hydrogel, the method described by Gobinath et al [ 36 ] was followed. Chitosan was dissolved in 1% glacial acetic acid, and then 1 mL of deacetylated chitosan solution (40 mg/mL) was mixed with 1 mL of ulvan (10 mg/mL) and then incubated at 50 °C for 10 min to get the UC hydrogel.…”

p-Toluenesulfonic acid-promoted organic transformations for the generation of molecular complexity

“…Radhakrishnan and co-workers 120 achieved the synthesis of 10-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H -spiro[acridine-9,2′-indoline]-1,3,8-trione derivatives in excellent yields within 10 min by simply grinding the mixture of isatin, phenylamine, and 1,3-cyclohexanedione in the presence of a catalytic amount of p -TSA (Scheme 73). This “Grindstone chemistry” approach results in cost savings, avoids solvent waste and toxicity, minimises energy consumption, and lowers the E factor of the process, providing an alternative eco-friendly technique.…”

Spirooxindole: A Versatile Biologically Active Heterocyclic Scaffold

“…Some of the synthesized compounds revealed promising antiproliferative properties against MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell line (MTT assay). The most promising agent was that of R = 4-MeOC 6 H 4 relative to that of Doxorubicin (GI 50 /TGI/LC 50 = 0.01/0.02/0.71, 0.02/0.21/0.74 μM for the promising synthesized agent and Doxorubicin, respectively) [ 54 ].…”