Grindstone chemistry: a highly efficient and green method for synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones byl-tyrosine as an organocatalyst: a combined experimental and DFT study

Pumice as a Novel Nature Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-Ones/Thiones via Biginelli Reaction under Solvent-free Conditions

“…Once the reaction completes the catalyst was recovered easily by heating the mixture in ethanol then filtration and reused successfully several times without loss of catalytic properties or its amounts. [21] 7 OEt S H 208 207-209 [23] 8 OEt S Cl 194 192-194 [24] 9 OEt S OMe 153 150-151 [22] 10 Me O H 228 232 [22] 11 Me O Cl 224 224-226 [23] 12 Me O NO 2 236 236-238 [24] 13 Me O OMe 173 172 [24] 14 Me O OH 256 256 [26] 15 Me S Cl 250 250-252 [29] 16 Me S NO 2 245 246-247 [29] 17 Me S OMe 182 182-183 [29] 18 Me S OH 253 251-252 [31] The reaction mechanism for formation of synthesis 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)one/thione derivatives is beginning from the catalyst 1 which have acidic character (Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of 70% SiO 2 and 13% Al 2 O 3 ) followed by addition of aromatic aldehyde 2 at this time there are interaction between catalyst and aldehyde take place, subsequently, ethyl 3-oxobutanoate is appended, in this step, the aldehyde and catalyst were attaching and attacking with the enol form of the ethyl 3- From table above, we sure as scientists and chemists can observe that the green chemistry method is considered as environ-friendly and economically procedure compared with the traditional procedure for synthesis 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives.…”

Bis-indolylation of aldehydes and ketones using silica-supported FeCl3: molecular docking studies of bisindoles by targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease binding sites

“… 1 Thus, over the last decade, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the exploration of an eco-friendly methodology in both academia and industries using solvent-free techniques, 2 ionic liquids, 3 water media, 4 phase transfer catalysts, 5 solid-supported catalysts, 6 microwave irradiation 7 or grindstone/ball-milling processes. 8 The use of grindstone chemistry is very fascinating for the synthesis of desired functional molecules via simple mixing of the precursors and catalysts with much faster reaction rates and selectivity under benign reaction conditions. In recent times, much attention has been paid to organic transformations promoted by solid-supported reagents or catalysts and till now they occupy a special position in the development of greener chemical processes due to their attractive properties such as high surface area, crystalline structure, less or no corrosion, high thermal stability, persistence in all organic solvents, no waste or disposal problems, and recyclability.…”

Green approach for the synthesis of 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐1H‐indol 3‐yl)methylene)‐1H‐pyrazole‐5(4H)‐ones and their DNA Cleavage, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities

“…Reactions in Grindstone Chemistry have initiated itself by grinding crystals of substrate and reagent with the generation of the small amount of energy in the form of heat through friction . Such reactions are easy to handle, comparatively cheaper to operate, and ecologically more favorable.…”

“…[36] Reactions in Grindstone Chemistry have initiated itself by grinding crystals of substrate and reagent with the generation of the small amount of energy in the form of heat through friction. [37] Such reactions are easy to handle, comparatively cheaper to operate, and ecologically more favorable. Silica-supported catalysts have great interest and special attention of chemists due to high reactivity, more efficient, eco-friendly nature, recyclable, and easy to handling.…”