Griesbachian and Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Salt Range, Pakistan

Ware, David; Bucher, Hugo; Brühwiler, Thomas; Schneebeli‐Hermann, Elke; Hochuli, Peter A.; Roohi, Ghazala; Ur‐Rehman, Khalil; Yaseen, Aamir

doi:10.1002/9781119522812.ch2

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A total of 8864 original occurrences (one species or higher taxonomic rank occurring at one place) were checked. The taxonomy was revised based on previously published classifications (Zhao et al 1978; Tozer 1994; Leonova 2002; Brayard and Bucher 2008, Brühwiler et al 2012c; Korn et al 2016; Ware et al 2018b). The Middle Triassic data were published by Brayard et al (2015) and used directly in this work without modifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic

Dai

Song

2020

Paleobiology

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Cosmopolitanism occurred recurrently during the geologic past, especially after mass extinctions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly known. Three theoretical models, not mutually exclusive, can lead to cosmopolitanism: (1) selective extinction in endemic taxa, (2) endemic taxa becoming cosmopolitan after the extinction and (3) an increase in the number of newly originated cosmopolitan taxa after extinction. We analyzed an updated occurrence dataset including 831 middle Permian to Middle Triassic ammonoid genera and used two network methods to distinguish major episodes of ammonoid cosmopolitanism during this time interval. Then, we tested the three proposed models in these case studies. Our results confirm that at least two remarkable cosmopolitanism events occurred after the Permian–Triassic and late Smithian (Early Triassic) extinctions, respectively. Partitioned analyses of survivors and newcomers revealed that the immediate cosmopolitanism event (Griesbachian) after the Permian–Triassic event can be attributed to endemic genera becoming cosmopolitan (model 2) and an increase in the number of newly originated cosmopolitan genera after the extinction (model 3). Late Smithian cosmopolitanism is caused by selective extinction in endemic taxa (model 1) and an increase in the number of newly originated cosmopolitan genera (model 3). We found that the survivors of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction did not show a wider geographic range, suggesting that this mass extinction is nonselective among the biogeographic ranges, while late Smithian survivors exhibit a wide geographic range, indicating selective survivorship among cosmopolitan genera. These successive cosmopolitanism events during severe extinctions are associated with marked environmental upheavals such as rapid climate changes and oceanic anoxic events, suggesting that environmental fluctuations play a significant role in cosmopolitanism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic

Dai

Song

2020

Paleobiology

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“…Abrekites has so far been known only from Early Smithian of South Primorye , but the similar characters of the specimens from Gornji Brčeli suggest an inclusion in this genus. Abrekites is in the present paper considered to belong to the family Gyronitidae, based on the characteristics of the shell and the shape of the suture line though it also shares characters with the Mullericeratidae sensu Ware & Bucher (2018).…”

Section: Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Middle Smithian (Early Triassic) Ammonoids of Gornji Brčeli (Southern Montenegro)

Đaković

Krystyn

Sudar

2022

RIPS

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A rich Early Triassic (Smithian) ammonoid fauna discovered near the village of Gornji Brčeli (southern Montenegro) is unique for the Early Triassic of the western Tethys. The Smithian there is represented by a series of several tens of meters thick brown-red to grey-green marls and clays with intercalated, mica-rich, thin dark grey sandstones, and subordinate occurence of redeposited oolitic limestone. The fossils have been collected as scree material over a few square meters but are considered as contemporaneous since no unnatural association (condensation) was detected. The ammonoid assemblage is represented by 15 species, belonging to the genera Aspenites, Cordillerites, Dieneroceras, Abrekites, Owenites, Pseudaspenites, Pseudosageceras, Truempyceras, Wyomingites, Hanielites, Galfettites, Parahedenstroemia, Lingyunites and Pseudoflemingites, and can, by the presence of Owenites zitteli Smith, be correlated with the late Middle Smithian Nyamalites angustecostatus beds of the southern Tethys, the upper Owenites koeneni beds of South China or the Owenites beds of North America. Taxonomic composition of the ammonoid assemblage shows great similiarity with those of Spiti (India), NW Guangxi (China) and Nevada (USA), but also some with those of Salt Range (Pakistan) and Timor. A markedly dominance of involute, oxycone and platycone morphologies distinguishes the Gornji Brčeli fauna from other contemporaneous faunas and points to specific palaeoecological environmental conditions. Previously, three new species were described from this locality and in the present paper one more is added (Parahedenstroemia? tatjanae). Two species hitherto considered as synonyms (Abrekites arthaberi and Owenites zitteli) are revised and treated as valid based on new material from Gornji Brčeli.

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“…Ware et al (2011) described for the first time ammonoids from the lower Candelaria Formation, and they identified three different horizons. The first (lowest) fauna, within the Claraia beds, includes Ambites subradiatus Ware and Bucher in Ware et al, 2018a, characteristic of the middle Dienerian A. discus Regional Zone of Ware et al (2018a, b) and unitary-association-zone (UA-zone) DI-6 of Ware et al (2015). The second fauna, where most of the ammonoids described by Ware et al (2011) come from, contains A. lilangensis (von Krafft in von Krafft and Diener, 1909) and correlates with the late middle Dienerian A. lilangensis Regional Zone of Ware et al (2018a, b) and UA-zone DI-8 of Ware et al (2015).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cf. sverdrupi Regional Zone of Ware et al (2018a), the V. meridialis Regional Zone of Ware et al (2018b), and UA-zone DI-9 of Ware et al (2015), of early late Dienerian age.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from the Candelaria Hills (Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA)

et al. 2019

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A new locality for low-latitudinal, Early Triassic fishes was discovered in the Candelaria Hills, southwestern Nevada (USA). The fossils are derived from the lower Candelaria Formation, which was deposited during the middle–late Dienerian (late Induan), ca. 500 ka after the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction event. The articulated and disarticulated Osteichthyes (bony fishes), encompassing both Actinistia (coelacanths) and Actinopterygii (ray-fins), are preserved in large, silicified concretions that also contain rare coprolites. We describe the first actinopterygians from the Candelaria Hills. The specimens are referred toPteronisculus nevadanusnew species (Turseoidae?),Ardoreosomus occidentalisnew genus new species (Ptycholepidae), the stem neopterygianCandelarialepis argentusnew genus new species (Parasemionotidae), and Actinopterygii indet. representing additional taxa.Ardoreosomusn. gen. resembles other ptycholepids, but differs in its more angulate hyomandibula and lack of an elongate opercular process.Candelarialepisn. gen. is one of the largest parasemionotids, distinguished by its bipartite preopercle and scale ornamentation. Presented new species belong to genera (Pteronisculus) or families (Ptycholepidae, Parasemionotidae) that radiated globally after the mass extinction, thus underlining the striking similarities between Early Triassic (pre-Spathian) osteichthyan assemblages. The current data suggest that the diversity of low-latitudinal, Early Triassic bony fishes may have been greater than indicated thus far by the fossil record, probably due to sampling or taphonomic failure. All 24 fossils from the Candelaria Hills represent mid-sized or large osteichthyans, confirming the obvious absence of very small species (≤ 10 cm adult body length) in the beginning of the Mesozoic Era—even in low latitudes.UUID:http://zoobank.org/6a66ac96-d6b7-4617-94db-5a93cdb14215

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Griesbachian and Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Salt Range, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Toward an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic

Toward an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic

The Middle Smithian (Early Triassic) Ammonoids of Gornji Brčeli (Southern Montenegro)

Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from the Candelaria Hills (Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA)

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