“…Such data sharing can not only achieve larger sample sizes but also reduce bias caused by nonrandom selection (Wolfson et al, 2010). These include logistic regression-based models (Ji, Jiang, Wang, Xiong, & Ohno-Machado, 2014;Jiang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Wu, Jiang, Kim, & Ohno-Machado, 2012;Wu et al, 2015), splitting regression analyses (Wolfson et al, 2010), cryptographic techniques for participant-level genomic data (Kamm, Bogdanov, Laur, & Vilo, 2013), and genetic association meta-analyses (Xie et al, 2014), among others. A number of methods have been developed to address the challenge of protecting patient-level information in multiple GWAS/genome databases.…”