Grid Method Classification of Islamic Geometric Patterns

Abstract

This paper proposes a rational classification of Islamic Geometric Patterns (IGP) based on the Minimum Number of Grids (MNG) and Lowest Geometric Shape (LGS) used in the construction of the symmetric elements. The existing classification of repeating patterns by their symmetric groups is in many cases not appropriate or prudent [Joy97]. The symmetry group theories do not relate to the way of thinking of the artisans involved, and completely has ignored the attributes of the unit pattern and has focused exclusively on arrangement formats. The paper considers the current symmetric group theories only as arrangement patterns and not as classifications of IGP since they have a "global approach" and have failed to explore the possibilities in the construction elements of IGP. The Star, a central Rosette, which is the most important element of IGP, forms the core of our study. The paper proposes new nomenclature to be used in the description of the unit pattern based on the MNG and LGS used in the construction of a Star/Rosette pattern that can be used to achieve the final design. We describe and demonstrate procedures for constructing Star/Rosette unit patterns based on our proposed classification in a grid formation dictated by the final design of the unit pattern.

Matching Islamic patterns in Kufic images

“…Computer vision techniques have been proposed for automatic indexing and retrieval of historical collections [29]. Here, we focus on studies in indexing and generation of Arabic calligraphy [3,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

“…In [31], Aljamali and Banissi proposed a method to classify Islamic geometric patterns (IGPs) based on the minimum number of grids and lowest geometric shape methods necessary for the construction of the star pattern, while in [32], IGP images are described using discretesymmetry-groups theory. Firstly, every pattern is classified into one of three major categories based on translation in one direction.…”

A CAD Paradigm to Produce Zillij Style of Geometrical Patterns for Wooden Carvings

“…Kaplan presented a procedure for constructing Islamic star patterns based on placing radially-symmetric motifs in a formation dictated by a tiling of the plane, and showed some styles in which they can be rendered [5]. Aljamali described and demonstrated procedures for constructing Star/Rosette unit patterns based on the proposed classification in a grid formation dictated by the final design of the unit pattern [6]. Kaplan also presented a paradigm that makes the flexibility of NC machining available to the non-technical woodworker.…”

The Technology Application Aspect in Optimization of Islamic geometric patterns

“…These examples can be compared with elegant survived masterpieces such as Hakim Mosque of Isfahan (1656-62 CE) as shown in (Figure 2) that show suitable using of IGPs as an architect first analyze the surface geometry and then modified the patterns to fulfill the surface perfectly with minimum deformity along the edges. (Abas & Salman, 1995) Figure 1: Persada Johor (left), Sultan Hassan II mosque (centre & right) (Abas & Salman, 1995) Figure 3: First level of IGPs classification (Aljamali & Banissi, 2004) Figure 2: Hakim mosque of Isfahan in Iran 1662 CE (Abas & Salman, 1995) Above examples show the necessity of studies toward establishing guidelines on use and suitability Islamic geometrical patterns in Islamic-inspired buildings. (Abas & Salman, 1995)…”