Grid integration of battery swapping station: A review

Revankar, Swapnil R.; Kalkhambkar, Vaiju

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102937

Cited by 66 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In BSS the depleted battery is replaced by a fully charged battery, automatically. The advantages of BSS are the short change time and recharge time during off-peak hours [79], and the disadvantages are the additional battery costs and the expensive exchange system (use of automated systems) [4].…”

Section: Keyword Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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In order to gain a comprehensive view of electric vehicles (EVs) technologies and understand the emphasis of current research, this study evaluated the most relevant themes related to EVs through a bibliometric analysis using the keyword “electric vehicle” as the input. The Web of ScienceTM (WoS) database was used because it is considered ideal for bibliometric analysis. The VOSviewer software was adopted as a bibliometric analysis tool to visualize the networks of authors, countries, journals and keywords. The analysis carried out on 9 November 2021 retrieved a total of 29,304 documents in the period 2000 to 2021. The results show that in the last nine years the number of publications about EVs has grown significantly. The China is the leading nation in the field of EV research, contributing the largest number of publications in the world, with the main authors and research institutions involved. The journal Energies stands out as the main publishing periodical. Keyword analysis showed that studies on EVs in the last two decades have focused on themes related to energy management and storage, infrastructure and charging systems and environmental issues. The bibliometric analysis presented provides relevant information on the main themes studied about EVs and technological advances in development.

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Section: Keyword Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…With the implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) approaches, BSSs provide various regulation services to the grid with their battery stacks. In addition, the flexible planning of battery charging times means that the BSS does not generate extra stress on the grid during peak load periods and offers a costeffective solution for both itself and the power system [8]. The possibility of charging the batteries for a long period instead of fast charging prevents a rapid decline in their state of health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Location and Sizing of Electric Bus Battery Swapping Station in Microgrid Systems by Considering Revenue Maximization

et al. 2023

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The radical increase in the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has in turn increased the number of associated problems. Long waiting times at charging stations are a major barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs. Therefore, battery swapping stations (BSSs) are an efficient solution that considers short waiting times and healthy recharging cycles for battery systems. Moreover, swapping stations have emerged as a great opportunity not only for EVs, but also for power systems, with regulation services that can be provided to the grid particularly for small networks, such as microgrid (MG) systems. In this study, the optimum location and size that maximize the revenue of a swap station in an MG system are investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is first to solve the placing and sizing problem in the MG from the perspective of a BSS. The results indicate that bus 23 is the BSS's optimal location and is crucial for maximizing revenue and addressing issues like the provision of ancillary services in microgrid system. Finally, the swap demand profile of the station serving electric bus public transportation system was obtained using an analytical model based on public transportation data collected in Berlin, Germany.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) technology has developed rapidly, driven by breakthroughs in battery technology [ 1 , 2 ]. As a substitute for fossil fuel vehicles, EVs have received extensive attention due to their environmentally friendly characteristics [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. EVs can reduce traffic pollution emissions and have lower charging costs than refueling, which has been widely accepted and deployed [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Network Voltage Stability

Liu

Zeng

Cui

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The rapid development of electric vehicle (EV) technology and the consequent charging demand have brought challenges to the stable operation of distribution networks (DNs). The problem of the collaborative optimization of the charging scheduling of EVs and voltage control of the DN is intractable because the uncertainties of both EVs and the DN need to be considered. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to coordinate EV charging scheduling and distribution network voltage control. The DRL-based strategy contains two layers, the upper layer aims to reduce the operating costs of power generation of distributed generators and power consumption of EVs, and the lower layer controls the Volt/Var devices to maintain the voltage stability of the distribution network. We model the coordinate EV charging scheduling and voltage control problem in the distribution network as a Markov decision process (MDP). The model considers uncertainties of charging process caused by the charging behavior of EV users, as well as the uncertainty of uncontrollable load, system dynamic electricity price and renewable energy generation. Since the model has a dynamic state space and mixed action outputs, a framework of deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is adopted to train the two-layer agent and the policy network is designed to output discrete and continuous control actions. Simulation and numerical results on the IEEE-33 bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in collaborative EV charging scheduling and distribution network voltage stabilization.

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Grid integration of battery swapping station: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 84 publications

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

Optimal Location and Sizing of Electric Bus Battery Swapping Station in Microgrid Systems by Considering Revenue Maximization

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Network Voltage Stability

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