Grid Frequency and Amplitude Control Using DFIG Wind Turbines in a Smart Grid

Abstract

Wind-generated energy is a fast-growing source of renewable energy use across the world. A dual-feed induction machine (DFIM) employed in wind generators provides active and reactive, dynamic and static energy support. In this document, the droop control system will be applied to adjust the amplitude and frequency of the grid following the guidelines established for the utility’s smart network supervisor. The wind generator will work with a maximum deloaded power curve, and depending on the reserved active power to compensate the frequency drift, the limit of the reactive power or the variation of the voltage amplitude will be explained. The aim of this paper is to show that the system presented theoretically works correctly on a real platform. The real-time experiments are presented on a test bench based on a 7.5 kW DFIG from Leroy Somer’s commercial machine that is typically used in industrial applications. A synchronous machine that emulates the wind profiles moves the shaft of the DFIG. The amplitude of the microgrid voltage at load variations is improved by regulating the reactive power of the DFIG and this is experimentally proven. The contribution of the active power with the characteristic of the droop control to the load variation is made by means of simulations. Previously, the simulations have been tested with the real system to ensure that the simulations performed faithfully reflect the real system. This is done using a platform based on a real-time interface with the DS1103 from dSPACE.

Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review

“…Coefficients c 1 to c 6 depend on the wind turbine under study. The authors in [27] show a similar expression with numerical coefficients based on a model found in Matlab/Simulink. A review of mathematical models of the coefficient of performance as a function of TSR and pitch angle can be found in [28].…”

“…FOC, also known as vector control, sets a two-dimensional rotating reference, called d-q, whose direct axis is usually aligned with the stator magnetic flux. Under this scheme, the torque and the active power are proportional to the q-axis component of the rotor current, whereas the q-axis component is used to regulate the reactive power flow [27,40,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Figure 10 depicts the control of a DFIG with some of the additional controllers discussed in this article.…”

Amelioration Effectiveness of Torque and Rotor Flux Control Applied to the Asynchronous Generator for Dual-rotor Wind Turbine using Neural Third-order Sliding Mode Approaches

“…However, the asynchronous generator is the most widely used in the field of electric power generation using wind energy, especially in the case of variable wind speed. This is due to the advantages and characteristics of the asynchronous generator such as ease of control, efficiency, durability, and low cost [5].…”

Grid Forming Stator Flux Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

“…The classical control schemes for the RSC have been derived from the established schemes used for adjustable motor drives. Typically, they are current controlled [7], where the set-points of the current controllers are derived from the references for active/reactive power, torque or voltage magnitudes [8,9]. The current control is usually done in a rotating reference frame.…”