Grid Codes: Goals and Challenges

Kumar, Praveen; Singh, Asheesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9_2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For that reason only, the grid-code standards for grid-integrated renewable DG systems have gone through an incessant development worldwide for guaranteeing a steadfast functioning of distribution system with the growth in penetration of renewable energy to the higher levels [7]. In compliance to the latest grid-codes, renewable energy units should continue delivering energy even after any swings at either utility grid or load bus side as an effort to avoid some additional instabilities and triggering any new harsh hazards to the grid, which point toward that DG units, should attain some capability of riding through the fault (FRT) in case of voltage instabilities causes by either the grid bus or load bus [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

et al. 2020

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LIST OF SYMBOLS m Number of criteria n Number of alternatives TVHD Total voltage harmonic distortion VSS Voltage sag score Va, Vb, Vc Post sag RMS voltages of phase A, B and C respectively VUF Voltage unbalance factor Vp Positive sequence voltage component Vn Negative sequence voltage component Vab, Vbc, Vca Three-phase imbalanced line voltages Vabe Difference between the line voltage Vab and the average line voltage VPPI Voltage Profile Performance Index A Pairwise comparison matrix ajk General element of pairwise comparison matrix j, k Names of criterion w Vector of criteria weight S Matrix of PQ phenomena scores v Vector of global PQ phenomena scores Fi Vector of individual corresponding indices of PQ phenomena Fthr Vector of threshold values of indices p Number of PQ phenomena considered UPQIi Unified power quality index for the i th bus Wg, Wd, Wl Weights assigned to grid, DG and load bus group respectively Ag, Ad, Al PQ priority scores of grid, DG and load bus group respectively g Total number of utility grid buses d Total number of DG buses l Total number of load buses wi Power quality importance score of the i th bus of the corresponding bus group UPQIg Unified power quality index of grid bus group UPQId Unified power quality index of DG bus group UPQIl Unified power quality index of load bus group UPQIoverall Unified power quality index of the overall system Iph Photocurrent Is Load current Id Diode current Ish Shunt current Fs Solar radiation To Ambient temperature Vs Load voltage P1, P2, P3 Constants Tj Junction temperature e The charge of an electron a The ideality factor of a diode Ns The number of cells connected in series K Boltzmann's constant Rs The value of series resistance Eg Energy bandgap

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

et al. 2020

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“…Hence, to ensure a stable connection of the islanded DGs into the grid, the seamless control action is achieved through the synchronization of voltage, frequency, and the phase angle. Further, the standards for safe connection of DGs with the utility is suggested by various grid codes and in the literature [50][51][52]. The research in [53] indicates that the phase angle difference of a DG to the grid should not be more than 60 0 .…”

Section: Transition From Standalone To Grid-connected Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

et al. 2021

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This paper proposes an intelligent seamless transition controller for smooth transition between grid-connected (GC) and standalone modes of distributed generation (DG) units in the grid. The development of this seamless controller contributes to two main processes in the transition modes: the synchronization process and an islanding process. For the synchronization process, the stationary reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) associated with the voltage source inverter (VSI) is modified using the frequency, voltage deviation, and phase angle information. Furthermore, the islanding process is classified as intentional and unintentional islanding scenarios for achieving efficient transition control. Here, the intentional islanding process is achieved with the information that is available in the system due to the planned disconnection. For the unintentional islanding process, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used to modify the conventional droop control using the information of change in active power, voltage, and frequency. To identify the action of the proposed approach during the transition process, numerical simulations are conducted with the hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulator by developing a 10kWp three-phase grid-connected DG system. The results identified the efficient control of the VSI for both islanding and grid connection processes. In the islanding conditions, the proposed controller provides advantage with less detection and disconnection time, and during synchronization, it instantly minimizes the phase-angle deviation to achieve efficient control.

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“…The mostly used expression in literature are below (8) The equivalent dq model of the DFIG is given below. Relation for speed, active power and torque If we neglect the resistive losses, then the power of stator and rotor is (9) And the mechanical power is also expressed as 10As we know that (11) (12) From the above Equation the relation between Ps and electromagnetic torque is given by (13) Similarly, the rotor power can be expressed as (14) From the above equations it is clear that the DFIG can be operated in many ways. That is the DFIG can be operated in different modes.…”

Section: G Equation Of Motion In the Dq Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative Study of Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Control of Grid-Interfaced Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

Muhammad¹,

Arbab²

2019

IJEW

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Due to the fast increase in energy of modern human being the desire for the clean renewable energy is increasing day by day. Electrical power generation from wind is promising source. But due to the large combination of wind forms in electrical power grid the stability and security are key issues for the electrical power engineers. Amongst the required grid codes for the power utilities LVRT is very important. According to LVRT the wind form should act as conventional power plant and connect to grid for some particular time to provide stability to grid at normal and fault time. In this paper we have developed a LVRT strategy for control of active, reactive power and DC link voltage of the variable speed wind turbine. The test bed system is 9 MW DFIG wind turbine attached to 120KV grid system by 30KM long 25 KV transmission line. The modelling and simulation is done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The control system is implemented by using PI controller using vector or field oriented control. The LVRT strategies implemented on test bed model are (STFCL), DC chopper, Rotor Crowbar and Hybrid strategy with using RSC control, GSC control and pitch control mechanisms. The hybrid strategy provides excellent solution for LVRT of DFIG wind turbine by controlling power (active and reactive) and voltage of DC link. The results of hybrid strategy during symmetrical fault is best and well suited to the LVRT requirements as compared of STFCL, DC chopper and crowbar.

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Grid Codes: Goals and Challenges

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

A comparative Study of Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Control of Grid-Interfaced Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

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