Grid code reinforcements for deeper renewable generation in insular energy systems

Rodrigues, Eduardo M. G.; Osório, Gerardo J.; Godina, Radu; Bizuayehu, Abebe W.; Lujano-Rojas, Juan M.; Catalão, João P.S.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.047

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The R DVR represents the DVR losses. These two values depend on the power rating (S DVR ) and voltage rating (V DVR ) of the DVR as expressed in Equations (9)- (12). Equation (13) represents the current (i DVR ) and voltage (v DVR ) handling capability of the DVR.…”

Section: Voltage Flicker Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (9)- (12). Equation 13represents the current (iDVR) and voltage (vDVR) handling capability of the DVR.…”

Section: Dc-ac Invertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limits of voltage fluctuation, harmonics, power factor, voltage unbalance, and flicker have also been defined and imposed. Different countries have set their own rules, requirements, and standards as summarized in [9,[11][12][13][14]. However, verification and implementation can be more important than setting rules and regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality Assessment of Grid-Connected PV System in Compliance with the Recent Integration Requirements

et al. 2020

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The generation and integration of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) into the utility grid have increased dramatically over the past two decades. In this sense, and to ensure a high quality of the PVPPs generated power as well as a contribution on the power system security and stability, some of the new power quality requirements imposed by different grid codes and standards in order to regulate the installation of PVPPs and ensure the grid stability. This study aims to investigate the recent integration requirements including voltage sag, voltage flicker, harmonics, voltage unbalance, and frequency variation. Additionally, compliance controls and methods to fulfill these requirements are developed. In line with this, a large-scale three-phase grid-connected PVPP is designed. A modified inverter controller without the use of any extra device is designed to mitigate the sage incidence and achieve the low-voltage ride-through requirement. It can efficiently operate at normal conditions and once sag or faults are detected, it can change the mode of operation and inject a reactive current based on the sag depth. A dynamic voltage regulator and its controller are also designed to control the voltage flicker, fluctuation, and unbalance at the point of common coupling between the PVPP and the grid. The voltage and current harmonics are reduced below the specified limits using proper design and a RLC filter. The obtained results show that the proposed controller fulfilled the recent standard requirements in mitigating power quality (PQ) events. Thus, this study can increase the effort towards the development of smooth PVPP integration by optimizing the design, operation and control strategies towards high PQ and green electricity.

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Section: Voltage Flicker Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (9)- (12). Equation 13represents the current (iDVR) and voltage (vDVR) handling capability of the DVR.…”

Section: Dc-ac Invertermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality Assessment of Grid-Connected PV System in Compliance with the Recent Integration Requirements

et al. 2020

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“…According to [12], these systems will soon become one of the main components of electrical power plants and smart grids. Many researchers are open to this topic, such as the development of new MPPT algorithms to PV system arrays operating under partial shading and exhibiting multiple local maximum power points [13,14], appropriate updating of the current grid coded [15,16], modeling and analysis of utility-scale photovoltaic units in hybrid energy storage devices [12], and so on [17][18][19]. Finally, the hybrid systems take advantage of the appropriate mixing combination between the grid-connected configuration and the stand-alone architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experimental Implementation of a Hysteresis Algorithm to Optimize the Maximum Power Point Extracted from a Photovoltaic System

2018

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In the several last years, numerous Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods for photovoltaic (PV) systems have been proposed. An MPPT strategy is necessary to ensure the maximum power efficiency provided to the load from a PV module that is subject to external environmental perturbations such as radiance, temperature and partial shading. In this paper, a new MPPT technique is presented. Our approach has the novelty that it is a MPPT algorithm with a dynamic hysteresis model incorporated. One of the most cited Maximum Power Point Tracking methods is the Perturb and Observer algorithm since it is easily implemented. A comparison between the approach presented in this paper and the known Perturb and Observer method is evaluated. Moreover, a new PV-system platform was properly designed by employing low cost electronics, which may serve as an academical platform for further research and developments. This platform is used to show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the standard Perturb and Observer method.

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“…But now, by way of compensation and in searching for a better balance, system operators (ISO) are asking for mandatory provisions of power reserves from wind power plants (WPP) as well , mainly targeting on frequency containment reserves (FCR) and possibly on frequency restoration reserves (FRR) . See for a discussion about regulatory issues, or for particularization of the need for reserves in insular systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk‐based optimal distribution of power reserves in wind power plants

et al. 2016

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This paper employs the Conditional Value-at Risk, largely used in financial risk management, to specify the power reserve capacity of a wind power plant (WPP) under a risk metric. Evidences are shown here that other popular, simpler measure, the Value-at Risk, is inappropriate for that specification. Under this risk-based reserve metric, two programs are approached to optimally distribute a reserve request in a WPP subject to a given confidence level in the commitment. The most exhaustive of the two is a two-level formulation including a solution to the load power flow (LPF) in the WPP. By solving these two programs, for comparison with interior-point and heuristic solvers, conclusions are drawn. Notably, that a Pareto optimality occurs for stringent reserve requests; that putting off-line generators is financially more profitable than partial curtailments to respond to low reserve requests; and that in these cases accounting for losses through LPF-based optimization seems unnecessary.

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Grid code reinforcements for deeper renewable generation in insular energy systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 59 publications

Power Quality Assessment of Grid-Connected PV System in Compliance with the Recent Integration Requirements

Power Quality Assessment of Grid-Connected PV System in Compliance with the Recent Integration Requirements

Design and Experimental Implementation of a Hysteresis Algorithm to Optimize the Maximum Power Point Extracted from a Photovoltaic System

Risk‐based optimal distribution of power reserves in wind power plants

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