“…12 RGD sequences are not cell-specific, however, and RGD peptides bound to silicon membranes result in enhanced fibroblast adhesion as well. 13 Simple availability of cellular adhesion ligands is insufficient to maximize adhesion, because the spacing and orientation of RGD ligands are also important. Lee et al varied the nanoscale organization of RGD in alginate gel adhesion of preosteoblasts.…”
“…12 RGD sequences are not cell-specific, however, and RGD peptides bound to silicon membranes result in enhanced fibroblast adhesion as well. 13 Simple availability of cellular adhesion ligands is insufficient to maximize adhesion, because the spacing and orientation of RGD ligands are also important. Lee et al varied the nanoscale organization of RGD in alginate gel adhesion of preosteoblasts.…”
“…The membranes were then rinsed with Moscona's saline (136.8 mM NaCl, 28.6 mM KCl, 11.9 mM NaHCO 3 , 9.4 mM glucose, 0.08 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , pH 7.4) and incubated in a solution of laminin (25 g/mL) in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium nutrient mixture, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) overnight at 37°C, in a 5% CO 2 incubator. 13 The laminin-coated membranes were rinsed with warm Moscona's saline before use.…”
Section: Production Of Templates and Polydimethylsiloxane Surfacesmentioning
Our objective is to alter the surface topography on which cardiac myocytes are grown in culture so that they more closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. Microtextured silicone substrata were made using photolithography and microfabrication techniques and then coated with laminin. Primary cardiac myocytes from newborn rats were plated on microgrooved and nontextured substrata. Myocytes were highly oriented on 5 microm grooves (69.8 +/- 2.0%) and significantly different, p < 0.0001, compared with randomly oriented cells grown on nontextured surfaces (2.9 +/- 0.95%; n = 19). Cells on shallower, 2 microm, grooves were slightly less well oriented (46.9 +/- 4.3%, n = 5, p < 0.001). The lateral spacings of the grooves were altered to examine changes in cell-to-cell contact by confocal immunocytochemistry and quantitative protein analysis. Connexin43 and N-cadherin were distributed around the perimeter of the myocytes plated on 10 x 5 x 5 microgrooved surfaces, similar to the localization found in the neonate. Connexin43 expression in cultures on 5 microm deep grooved substrata was equal to the neonatal heart, whereas it differed in nontextured surfaces. We conclude that it is necessary to combine groove depth (5 microm) and lateral ridge dimensions between grooves (5 microm) in order to recapitulate connexin43 and N-cadherin expression levels and subcellular localization to that of the neonate.
“…Numerous types of ECM and serum proteins are physically adsorbed to PDMS substrates to allow cell binding [17]. Additional surface modifications of PDMS, for improved cellular adhesion, typically involve treating them with a variety of chemical reagents [10,18]. One of the more common methods for modifying PDMS substrates is through the chemical linking of silane molecules to the surface.…”
Section: Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lateef et al demonstrated this by attaching oligopeptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, termed as RGD peptides, a cellular binding ligand, to PDMS substrates ( Fig. 12.2) [18]. They attached 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to substrates through a silination reaction, which provided a reactive primary amine on the surface.…”
The conversion of mechanical stimuli into chemical signals is of the utmost importance for developmental and normal physiology. Mechanotransduction plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular function and, subsequent tissue maintenance and repair, apoptosis, and many other physiological functions, coupled with a broad array of soluble factors. The successful examination of how mechanotransduction effects cells' function, in vitro, requires the ability to develop cell culture platforms that recapitulate extracellular environments in which the cells reside. Recently, significant progress in biomaterial design has allowed the examination of the effects mechanotransduction plays on a broad array of extracellular microenvironments. This chapter will review a series of biomaterials used for mechanotransduction studies specifically focusing on glass substrates, poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and polymeric hydrogels, and also discuss strategies for designing advanced biomaterial systems.
IntroductionThe conversion of mechanical stimuli into chemical signals is of the utmost importance for developmental and normal physiology [1]. Mechanotransduction plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular function and, subsequent tissue maintenance and repair, apoptosis, and many other physiological functions, coupled with a broad array of soluble factors [1][2][3]. For example, in cardiovascular tissue, the repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart affects the morphology and functionality of cardiac muscle, and shear stresses also influences the organization and permeability of the endothelial lining. The application of forces, whether from gravity or human activity, on bone stimulates remodeling to maintain optimal mechanical performance.
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