Grey water biodegradability

Abu-Ghunmi, Lina; Zeeman, G.; Fayyad, Manar; Lier, Jules B. van

doi:10.1007/s10532-010-9385-5

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…From total death of earthworms in VF1, the greywater was source of energy and nutrient for earthworms in addition to the VS of sawdust/cow dung in VF2 and VF3. Similarly, Ghunmi et al (2011), Leal et al (2007, 2011) and Zeeman et al (2008) reported that greywater contained an easily available carbon and energy source. The number of earthworms and cocoons decreased significantly due to high temperature (24 °C–42 °C) from March to May.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fate of filter materials and microbial communities during vermifiltration process

Adugna

Andrianisa

Konate

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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The fate of filter materials and microbial communities during the vermifiltration process were studied for 5 months while treating the concentrated greywater. Four filters were filled with 10 cm gravel of which a layer of medium size gravel (5 cm thickness, aggregate size 20–40 mm) at the bottom and a layer of coarse gravel (5 cm thickness, aggregate size 10–20 mm) at the top, then filled with 20 cm sand (d 60 = 0.2 mm, d 10 = 0.118 mm). Finally, Vermifilter 1 (VF1), control unit and Vermifilter 2 (VF2), were filled with 40 cm fine sawdust (0.05–5 mm) but Vermifilter 3 (VF3), was filled with 40 cm cow dung (0.05–5 mm). Three filters were inoculated with 200 individuals of Eudrilus eugeniae except for the control unit which was filled with sawdust. Five sampling ports were installed on the wall of the filters at 10 cm intervals with reference to the surface of the top layer. Three of the filters were supplied with concentrated greywater and VF1 was supplied with drinking water at the hydraulic loading rate of 16 L m −2 .d −1 on batch basis, i.e., four times a day at 8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. Weekly, samples from influent and effluent, and monthly, samples of filter materials collected via sampling ports, were collected and analyzed.The removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (dCOD) of VF2 and VF3 were 5–7% higher than the control unit, but little differences were observed in terms of total suspended solids (TSS). However, the removal efficiencies of nutrients for the control unit was slightly better than VF2 and VF3. The pH and Moisture content (MC) of filter materials increased along the depth, but percentage of volatile solids to total solids (VS/TS) decreased through time due to the high number of microbial communities and earthworms dominating the top layer compared to the bottom. The performance of VF2-sawdust was slightly better than VF3-cow dung to treat concentrated greywater.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fate of filter materials and microbial communities during vermifiltration process

Adugna

Andrianisa

Konate

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…In the literature cited, COD/BOD 5 ratio was in the range of 1.52-2.8 for a shower, 1.33-2.9 for bath, and 1.88-3.6 for washbasin GW [23,24]. It was 2.33 for combined bath, laundry and washbasin GW [25]. Wastewater with COD/BOD 5 ratio above two is not easily treatable by biological means.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coagulant in greywater treatment for reuse: selection of optimal coagulation condition using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Ghaitidak

Yadav

2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe objective of the present study was to (i) examine the effect of the coagulants on greywater (GW) characteristics under variable pH conditions, (ii) assess the potential of treated GW for reuse, and (iii) select optimal coagulation condition (pH and optimum dose) using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The effect of coagulants (alum and lime) was studied under four different pH conditions (8.5, 7.5, 6.5 and 5.5). Multiple linear regression models were built with optimum coagulant dose (OD) vs. pH, turbidity removal and alkalinity consumed. R 2 values ranged from 0.771 to 0.852 in case of alum and from 0.778 to 0.949 in lime treatment. In alum treatment, turbidity removal was above 88%, biochemical oxygen demand removal was in the range 53-77%, and Escherichia coli removal was 95-99% under the pH conditions examined. It was observed that alum-treated GW satisfied most of the reuse standards for the discharge of effluents into land for irrigation and industrial cooling in India. Total eight alternatives were ranked using AHP, considering nine criteria/subcriteria. Using AHP, the optimal alternative selected was alum treatment at pH 5.5 with OD 204 mg/L and the worst was lime treatment at pH 8.5.

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“…Greywater contains many of the same contaminants as sewage water, and while generally present in lower concentrations than in sewage water, they can be well above international drinking, bathing, and irrigation water standards [8]. Despite the relatively low concentration s of contaminants, greywater constituents are known to be recalcitrant [9]. Greywater can contain pathogens derived from fecal contamination, food handling, and opportunistic pathogens such as those found on the skin [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of New Photografted Charged Thin Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membrane Applied to Waste Water Treatment: Effect of Filtration Parameters on the Rejection of Salts and Dyes

Homayoonfal¹

2010

Hydrol Current Res

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The performance and economic viability of a simple inexpensive grey water treatment system consisting of a filtration unit and an adsorption unit was evaluated. At steady state, the overall performance of the combined system was 85.68% BOD removal, 57.09% COD removal and 70.74% TSS removal. Most of the BOD removal (83.6%) was achieved in the filtration unit, while most of the fecal coliform removal was achieved in the adsorption chamber. The pH of the entire system remained stable (7.6 ± 0.29) throughout the experiment. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the final effluent was 1.3 ± 0.28, indicating the need for aeration. Problems with carbon particle washout were observed in the adsorption chamber. Generally, the final effluent was found to be suitable for a range of uses such as toilet flushing, irrigation and fire protection. An economic analysis showed that 77.5% savings in water expenditure can be achieved if a simple greywater treatment is installed for toilet flushing.

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Grey water biodegradability

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Fate of filter materials and microbial communities during vermifiltration process

Fate of filter materials and microbial communities during vermifiltration process

Effect of coagulant in greywater treatment for reuse: selection of optimal coagulation condition using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Fabrication of New Photografted Charged Thin Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membrane Applied to Waste Water Treatment: Effect of Filtration Parameters on the Rejection of Salts and Dyes

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