Grey Relational Multi-decision Analysis of SS304 Bead Characteristics Processed in Wire Arc Deposition Process for Additive Manufacturing

Sarathchandra, D.T.; Davidson, M. J.

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4466-2_4

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Grey relational analysis Multiple system performances were analysed using the grey relational method. The various performance parameters were consolidated into a single grey relational grade (GRG) [70].…”

Section: Signal-to-noise Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-response optimisation of wire-arc additive manufacturing process parameters for AISI 4130 steel during remanufacturing process

Kachomba,

Mutua,

Obiko

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a critical tool for remanufacturing industrial components. A limited understanding of this technique for quality product manufacturing has hindered its utilisation for industrial applications. This study reports on the optimisation of WAAM process parameters for AISI 4130 steel towards remanufacturing of high-quality products for industrial applications. AISI 4130 steel was selected for this study due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent weldability, and suitability for the WAAM process. Taguchi’s Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) used four factors and three levels in the multiple response optimisation process. The study considered process parameters voltage, current, travel speed and gas flow in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technique. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results show that voltage, travel speed and gas flow significantly affect material deposition. Voltage had the highest significance (31.61%) compared to other parameters. The optimised process parameters were found to be: voltage - 23V, current - 100A, travel speed - 350mm/min, and gas flow - 10L/min. These parameters resulted in tensile residual stresses of 25 ±74 MPa, microhardness of 171.4±12.2 HV0.3, and a relative density of 98.21%. The microstructural analysis reveals existence of predominant ferritic and pearlitic colonies. This is due to compounded thermal stresses during the deposition process and alloy composition resulting in tailored microstructure and mechanical properties. The study provides some insights into the WAAM remanufacturing process for producing highly quality industrial components.

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Section: Signal-to-noise Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where ij ∆ is the deviation sequence, defined as the absolute distinction between reference sequence X i and comparison sequence X . Step 2: In process analysis using the GRG, the obtained values indicate the relational degree between each sequence of operations [70]. The GRG of optimal quality is obtained through equation (5).…”

Section: Deviation Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%