Grewia tiliaefolia and its active compound vitexin regulate the expression of glutamate transporters and protect Neuro-2a cells from glutamate toxicity

Multitargeted Effects of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

“…Lyu et al [73] indicated that vitexin treatment activates expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins and blocked expression of phosphorylated-p38 MAP kinase (p38) protein in rat. Better still, vitexin suppressed Bax, cleaved caspase-3, NF-κB, and TNF-α production and nullifies oxidative stress via stimulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes [73,77,122]. e cardioprotective effect of vitexin is reported to be achieved by inhibiting the initial activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways through suppressing the activation of NFATc1, c-Fos, and phosphoc-Jun and at the same time enhancing the expression of phospho-ERK [122,196].…”

“…Additionally, vitexin and isovitexin caused activation of Nrf2, enhanced the activity of HO-1, inhibited neutrophils activation and elevation of inflammatory cytokine (MAPK and NF-κB) and ROS, and suppressed activated nucleotide-binding domain and NLRP3 inflammasome [75,76]. In neuro-2a cells, vitexin blocks oxidative stress, facilitated damage by boosting the expression of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, inducing glutamate transporter expression, downregulation of calpain and NMDAR, inhibition of glutamate-stimulated Bax expression, and also effectively docked to NMDAR and GSK-3β [77].…”

“…In addition, vitexin favorably attenuated the function of β-site amyloid precursor (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (neuropathological marker of AD) and generation of ROS [42,78,79]. Malar et al [77] illustrated that vitexin downregulates glutamate transporters and protect neuro-2a cells from glutamate toxicity involved in AD. Furthermore, vitexin showed protection against memory impairment by enhancing memory retrieval and also reversed the shorter step-through latencies in AD [81].…”

Plant‐derived chemicals as potential inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (6LU7), a virtual screening study

“…Vitexin is a cytoprotective compound, acting through a wide range of protective mechanism. It has shown that cyto-and neuroprotective properties of vitexin is exerted through decrease of intracellular Ca +2 , inhibition of inflammation, block the production of free radicals as well as effect on the gene expression level of the cellular antioxidant system (Chen, Zhang, Shan, & Zhao, 2016;Malar, Prasanth, Shafreen, Balamurugan, & Devi, 2018). Finally, it has shown that various concentrations of Calophyllolide (10-1,000 ng/ml) have no significant cytotoxicity on HaCaT and RAW264.7 cell viability after 24 hr treatment (Nguyen et al, 2017).…”

Vitexin prevents Aβ proteotoxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease by modulating unfolded protein response

“…[ 20 ] Preliminary studies from our lab have identified vitexin to possess cholinesterase inhibitory activity as well as inhibitory activity against Aβ 25‐35 and glutamate‐induced toxicity in Neuro‐2a cells by augmenting antioxidant pathways and inhibiting apoptosis. [ 21‐23 ] Vitexin isolated from the leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk has also been reported to protect PC12 cells from Aβ 25‐35 ‐induced toxicity. [ 24 ] The present study was intended to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of vitexin and explore its possible mode of action in preventing Aβ proteotoxicity using transgenic C. elegans strains of AD.…”